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. 2020 May 15;15(5):e0231528. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231528

Table 3. Variables related to the presence of excessive daytime sleepiness.

Excessive daytime sleepiness Total p
Yes No
Sex N = 373 N = 150 N = 523
Male 291 (70.8%) 120 (29.2%) 411 0.617
Female 82 (73.2%) 30 (26.8%) 112
Age Group
20–50 82 (72.6%) 31 (27.4%) 113 0.573
50–60 87 (70.7%) 36 (29.3%) 123
60–70 78 (66.7%) 39 (33.3%) 117
70 + 126 (74.1%) 44 (25.9%) 170
Age (Years)
Mean ± SD 61.9 ± 15.1 60.8 ± 14.9 60.8 ± 16.0 0.470
BMI N = 366 N = 143 N = 509
Normal 29 (56.9%) 22 (43.1%) 51 <0.001
Overweight 80 (61.1%) 51 (38.9%) 131
Obese 181 (75.7%) 58 (24.3%) 239
Morbid Obese 76 (86.4%) 12 (13.6%) 88
Symptoms*
Snoring 300 (74.3%) 104 (25.7%) 404 0.006
Nocturnal choking 161 (70.3%) 68 (29.7%) 229 0.669
Witnessed apnea 51 (64.6%) 28 (35.4%) 79 0.153
Morning headache 85 (71.4%) 34 (28.6%) 119 0.171
Dizziness 54 (78.3%) 15 (21.7%) 69 0.169
Syncope 24 (72.7%) 9 (27.3%) 33 0.842
Leg discomfort at night 58 (85.3%) 10 (14.7%) 68 0.006
Nocturia 71 (78.9%) 19 (21.1%) 90 0.081
Insomnia 99 (80.5%) 24 (19.5%) 123 0.010
Yes NO Total p
Comorbidities* N = 373 N = 150 N = 523
Cardiovascular
Coronary artery disease 39 (73.6%) 14 (26.4%) 53 0.683
Myocardial infarction 3 (60.0%) 2 (40.0%) 5 0.568
Stroke 7 (70.0%) 3 (30.0%) 10 0.913
Arrhythmias 48 (87.3%) 7 (12.7%) 55 0.006
Chronic heart failure 19 (70.4%) 8 (29.6%) 27 0.895
Hypertension 206 (75.5%) 67 (24.5%) 273 0.044
Respiratory
Asthma 34 (82.9%) 7 (17.1%) 41 0.087
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 45 (81.8%) 10 (18.2%) 55 0.075
Metabolic Disease
Diabetes 80 (72.7%) 30 (27.3%) 110 0.756
Dyslipidemia 174 (71.6%) 69 (28.4%) 243 0.954
Other co-morbidities
Gastroesophageal reflux disorder 164 (73.5%) 59 (26.5%) 223 0.306
Rhino sinusitis 93 (70.5%) 39 (29.5%) 132 0.762
Dysthyroidism 43 (75.4%) 14 (24.6%) 57 0.469
Kidney Disease 25 (75.8%) 8 (24.2%) 33 0.569
Musculoskeletal disorders 30 (78.9%) 8 (21.1%) 38 0.274
Depression 39 (79.6%) 10 (20.4%) 49 0.177