Table 3. Gender- and age-specific scores of sleep quality components measured by the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
| Sleep quality components | Total (n = 817) | Gender | Age group (years) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n = 376) | Female (n = 441) | P-value | 60–69 (n = 135) | 70–79 (n = 232) | ≥80 (n = 450) | P-value | |||
| Subjective sleep quality†, mean±SD | 1.3±0.9 | 1.3±0.9 | 1.3±0.9 | 0.674 | 1.2±0.9 | 1.3±0.9 | 1.3±0.9 | 0.482 | |
| Sleep latency, n(%) | ≤15 min | 236(28.9) | 116(30.9) | 120(27.2) | 0.200 | 51(37.8) | 63(27.2) | 122(27.1) | 0.161 |
| 16~min | 252(30.8) | 121(32.2) | 131(29.7) | 34(25.2) | 75(32.3) | 143(31.8) | |||
| 31~min | 329(40.3) | 139(36.9) | 190(43.1) | 50(37.0) | 94(40.5) | 185(41.1) | |||
| Sleep duration, mean±SD | 6.8±3.9 | 6.8±3.1 | 6.8±4.4 | 0.908 | 6.9±2.1 | 6.7±2.7 | 6.9±4.7 | 0.759 | |
| Sleep duration, n(%) | <6 h | 262(32.1) | 121(32.2) | 141(32.0) | 0.253 | 38(28.1) | 80(34.5) | 144(32.0) | 0.008 |
| 6–7 h | 278(34.0) | 118(31.4) | 160(36.3) | 38(28.1) | 67(28.9) | 173(38.4) | |||
| >7 h | 277(33.9) | 137(36.4) | 140(31.7) | 59(43.8) | 85(36.6) | 133(29.6) | |||
| Habitual sleep efficiency*, mean±SD | 0.8±0.4 | 0.8±0.3 | 0.8±0.4 | 0.593 | 0.8±0.2 | 0.7±0.2 | 0.8±0.5 | 0.558 | |
| Habitual sleep efficiency, n(%) | <65% | 270(33.1) | 125(33.2) | 145(32.8) | 0.803 | 41(30.4) | 80(34.4) | 149(33.1) | 0.075 |
| 65–74% | 103(12.6) | 48(12.8) | 55(12.5) | 14(10.4) | 28(12.1) | 61(13.6) | |||
| 75–84% | 135(16.5) | 57(15.2) | 78(17.7) | 15(11.1) | 34(14.7) | 86(19.1) | |||
| >85% | 309(37.8) | 146(38.8) | 163(37.0) | 65(48.1) | 90(38.8) | 154 (34.2) | |||
| Sleep disturbances‡, mean±SD | 1.2±0.6 | 1.2±0.6 | 1.2±0.6 | 0.914 | 1.2±0.6 | 1.3±0.6 | 1.3±0.5 | 0.148 | |
| Any sleep disturbance, n(%) | Yes | 248(30.4) | 112(29.8) | 136(30.8) | 0.745 | 38(28.1) | 72(31.0) | 138(30.7) | 0.826 |
| No | 569(69.6) | 264(60.2) | 305(69.2) | 97(71.9) | 160(69.0) | 312(69.3) | |||
| Use of sleep medication, n(%) | Yes | 115(14.1) | 44(11.7) | 71(16.1) | 0.072 | 9(6.7) | 23(9.9) | 83(18.4) | <0.001 |
| No | 702(85.9) | 332(88.3) | 370(83.9) | 126(93.3) | 209(90.1) | 367(81.6) | |||
| Daytime dysfunction**, mean±SD | 1.4±1.1 | 1.4±1.1 | 1.5±1.0 | 0.620 | 1.2 ±1.0 | 1.5±1.1 | 1.5±1.0 | 0.037 | |
SD, standard deviation.
†Score range 0 to 3; higher scores indicate poor subjective sleep quality
*Derived from the formula: hours of sleep/(get-up time–usual bedtime)×100%; score range from 0 to 1; higher scores indicate higher sleep efficiency
‡Derived from PSQI items 5b-5j; score range from 0 to 3; higher scores indicate more sleep disturbances
**Derived from PSQI item 8 and 9; score range from 0 to 3; higher scores indicate more daytime dysfunction.