Figure 3.

Stress-coping behaviors as determined by the elevated plus maze, open field, and forced swim tests, respectively, in male and female adult offspring of mice treated with filtered air (FA), E-cigarette aerosol (PG/VG), or E-cigarette aerosol with nicotine ($+\text{Nic}$). Pregnant female mice were exposed to either FA or e-cigarette aerosol (PG/VG) with or without nicotine, and offspring were tested using the (A,B) elevated plus maze, (C,D) open field, and (E,F) forced swim tasks. Reported is (A) the percentage of time offspring spent in the open arm of the elevated plus maze as a percentage of the total time spent in both open and closed arms; (B) total distance traveled during the 5-min elevated plus maze task; (C) time spent in the center of an open field arena during the 20-min open field task; (D) the total distance traveled in the open field task; and the total time spent (E) swimming and (F) immobile in the forced swim task. *$p<0.05$, **$p<0.01$ as determined by linear mixed-effects modeling with treatment and sex as fixed effects and litters as random effects. Plots represent individual mice; bars represent marginal means $\pm \text{SE}$. FA (10 litters) [males ($n=23–27$), females ($n=23–24$)]; PG/VG (9 litters) [males ($n=19–21$), females ($n=22–23$)]; $+\text{Nic}$ (8 litters) [males ($n=19$), females ($n=18$)]. Note: EPM, elevated plus maze; FST, forced swim task; OF, open field; PG/VG, propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin; SE, standard error; $+\text{Nic}$, propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin plus nicotine.