Table 2.
Study | Name | Diluent and/or vehicle | Assay | Concentrations tested () | Exposure replicatea (n) | Control replicatea (n) | 96-well plates chemicals tested acrossb (n) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ADONA | DMSO | DevTox | 0.04, 0.1, 0.4, 1.1, 3.1, 9.3, 27.2, 80.0 | 6 | 216 | 6 | |
DNT | 4.4, 7.9, 14.0, 25.1, 44.8, 80.0 | 24 | 394 | 17 | ||||
Chemistry | 25.1, 44.8, 80.0 | 5 | 5 | 3 | ||||
1 | GenX Free Acid | DMSO | DevTox, DNT, Chemistry | Not stable in DMSO; results not reported; see Study 2 | ||||
1 | PFESA1 | DMSO | DevTox | 0.04, 0.1, 0.4, 1.1, 3.1, 9.3, 27.2, 80.0 | 6 | 44 | 1 | |
DNT | 4.4, 7.9, 14.0, 25.1, 44.8, 80.0 | 24 | 339 | 7 | ||||
Chemistry | 25.1, 44.8, 80.0 | 4 | 5 | 3 | ||||
1 | PFHxA | DMSO | DevTox | 0.04, 0.1, 0.4, 1.1, 3.1, 9.3, 27.2, 80.0 | 6 | 216 | 6 | |
DNT | 4.4, 7.9, 14.0, 25.1, 44.8, 80.0 | 24 | 394 | 17 | ||||
Chemistry | 25.1, 44.8, 80.0 | 4 | 4 | 2 | ||||
1 | PFHxS | DMSO | DevTox | 0.04, 0.1, 0.4, 1.1, 3.1, 9.3, 27.2, 80.0 | 6 | 216 | 6 | |
DNT | 4.4, 7.9, 14.0, 25.1, 44.8, 80.0 | 24 | 394 | 17 | ||||
Chemistry | 14.0, 25.1, 44.8 | 4 | 4 | 2 | ||||
1 | PFOA | DMSO | DevTox | 0.04, 0.1, 0.4, 1.1, 3.1, 9.3, 27.2, 80.0 | 6 | 216 | 6 | |
DNT | 4.4, 7.9, 14.0, 25.1, 44.8, 80.0 | 24 | 394 | 17 | ||||
Chemistry | 25.1, 44.8, 80.0 | 4 | 4 | 2 | ||||
1 | PFOS | DMSO | DevTox | 0.04, 0.1, 0.4, 1.1, 3.1, 9.3, 27.2, 80.0 | 6 | 216 | 6 | |
DNT | 0.2, 0.3, 0.6, 1.0, 1.8, 3.1 | 24 | 394 | 17 | ||||
Chemistry | 1.0, 1.8, 3.1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | ||||
2 | GenX Free Acid | DI water | DevTox | 0.04, 0.1, 0.4, 1.1, 3.1, 9.3, 27.2, 80.0 | 6 | 44 | 1 | |
DNT | 4.4, 7.9, 14.0, 25.1, 44.8, 80.0 | 24 | 161 | 4 | ||||
Chemistry | 25.1, 44.8, 80.0 | 4 | 4 | 2 | ||||
3 | PFBS | DMSO | DevTox | 1.7, 3.1, 5.5, 9.8, 17.6, 31.4, 56.0, 100.0 | 10 | 140 | 6 | |
DNT | 5.5, 9.8, 17.6, 31.4, 56.0, 100.0 | 25 | 327 | 10 | ||||
3 | PFPeS | DMSO | DevTox | 1.7, 3.1, 5.5, 9.8, 17.6, 31.4, 56.0, 100.0 | 6 | 44 | 1 | |
DNT | 3.1, 5.5, 9.8, 17.6, 31.4, 56.0 | 24 | 186 | 4 | ||||
3 | PFHxS | DMSO | DevTox | 1.7, 3.1, 5.5, 9.8, 17.6, 31.4, 56.0, 100.0 | 10 | 140 | 6 | |
DNT | 3.1, 5.5, 9.8, 17.6, 31.4, 56.0 | 25 | 327 | 10 | ||||
3 | PFHpS | DMSO | DevTox | 1.7, 3.1, 5.5, 9.8, 17.6, 31.4, 56.0, 100.0 | 10 | 140 | 6 | |
DNT | 1.7, 3.1, 5.5, 9.8, 17.6, 31.4 | 25 | 327 | 10 | ||||
3 | PFOS | DMSO | DevTox | 1.7, 3.1, 5.5, 9.8, 17.6, 31.4, 56.0, 100.0 | 10 | 140 | 6 | |
DNT | 0.5, 1.0, 1.7, 3.1, 5.5, 9.8 | 25 | 327 | 10 |
Note: ADONA, 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoate; DevTox, developmental toxicity; DI, deionized; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; DNT, developmental neurotoxicity; GenX Free Acid, perfluoro-2-propoxypropanoic acid; PFBS, perfluorobutanesulfonic acid; PFESA1, perfluoro-3,6-dioxa-4-methyl-7-octene-1-sulfonic acid; PFHpS, perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid; PFHxA, perfluorohexanoic acid; PFHxS, perfluorohexanesulfonic acid; PFOA, perfluoro-n-octanoic acid; PFOS, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid; PFPeS, perfluoropentanesulfonic acid.
Replicate numbers indicate single animals except for chemistry samples comprising pools of 10 larvae.
Indicates total number of 96-well microtiter plates assessed for each study and/or assay. For Study 1 DevTox and DNT assays, ADONA, GenX Free Acid, PFESA1, PFHxA, PFHxS, PFOA, and PFOS were tested in parallel and shared the same 0.4% DMSO control samples. PFESA1 was obtained subsequently and had unique, experiment-specific control data. In Study 1, GenX Free Acid diluted in 0.4% DMSO was determined to be unstable, resulting in a null data set. In Study 2 (Figure 1), zebrafish were exposed to GenX Free Acid diluted in DI water and evaluated in the DevTox and DNT assays. Measured media and tissue doses were also obtained. Study 3 (Figure 1) examined the ability of PFBS (4-carbon), PFPeS (5-carbon), PFHxS (6-carbon), PFHpS (7-carbon), or PFOS (8-carbon) exposure to cause developmental toxicity or developmental neurotoxicity. All chemicals tested in Study 3, except PFPeS, were exposed in parallel and have shared DMSO control data. PFPeS was synthesized for this study and tested separately, with an experiment-specific DMSO control.