Table 2.
Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for miscarriage according to per-doubling increase of PFAS (ng/mL) in early pregnancy.
| Prenatal PFAS | Crude OR (95% CI) | Model Aa | Model Bb | Model Cc |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | ||
| PFOS | 1.2 (0.9, 1.7) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.8) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) |
| PFOA | 1.2 (0.9, 1.7) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) |
| PFHxS | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.3) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.3) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.3) |
| PFHpS | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) |
| PFDA | 1.1 (0.8, 1.6) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.7) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.7) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.6) |
| PFOSA | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) |
| PFNA | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.4) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) |
Note: We analyzed miscarriage cases and 218 controls. PFAS, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; PFDA, perfluorodecanoic acid; PFHpS, perfluoroheptane sulfonate; PFHxS, perfluorohexane sulfonate; PFNA, perfluorononanoic acid; PFOA, perfluorooctanoic acid; PFOS, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid; PFOSA, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid.
Adjusted for maternal age, parental socio-occupational status, maternal smoking in the first trimester, maternal alcohol intake in the first trimester, gestational week of blood sampling, and parity.
Adjusted for maternal age, parental socio-occupational status, maternal smoking in the first trimester, maternal alcohol intake in the first trimester, gestational week of blood sampling, parity, and maternal history of miscarriage.
Adjusted for maternal age, parental socio-occupational status, maternal smoking in the first trimester, maternal alcohol intake in the first trimester, gestational week of blood sampling, the outcome of last pregnancy, and time gap since last pregnancy.