. 2020 Apr 22;128(4):047007. doi: 10.1289/EHP6202

Table 3.

Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) for miscarriage according to PFAS quartiles in early pregnancy.

PFAS quartile^a	Cases/controls	Model A^b	Model B^c	Model C^d
PFAS quartile^a	Cases/controls	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
PFOS
Q1	47/55	Ref	Ref	Ref
Q2	49/54	1.1 (0.6, 1.9)	1.1 (0.6, 1.9)	1.1 (0.6, 2.0)
Q3	61/55	1.3 (0.8, 2.4)	1.4 (0.8, 2.4)	1.4 (0.8, 2.5)
Q4	63/54	1.4 (0.8, 2.4)	1.4 (0.8, 2.5)	1.3 (0.7, 2.3)
p for trend	220/218	0.21	0.21	0.35
PFOA
Q1	46/55	Ref	Ref	Ref
Q2	44/54	1.0 (0.5, 1.8)	1.0 (0.5, 1.8)	0.9 (0.5, 1.7)
Q3	53/55	1.4 (0.8, 2.6)	1.4 (0.8, 2.6)	1.4 (0.7, 2.5)
Q4	77/54	2.2 (1.2, 3.9)	2.2 (1.2, 3.9)	1.9 (1.0, 3.6)
p for trend	220/218	$< 0.01$	$< 0.01$	0.02
PFHxS
Q1	48/56	Ref	Ref	Ref
Q2	66/54	1.3 (0.8, 2.3)	1.4 (0.8, 2.4)	1.3 (0.7, 2.3)
Q3	60/54	1.3 (0.7, 2.3)	1.3 (0.7, 2.3)	1.3 (0.7, 2.2)
Q4	46/54	0.9 (0.5, 1.7)	0.9 (0.5, 1.7)	0.9 (0.5, 1.7)
p for trend	220/218	0.68	0.67	0.69
PFHpS
Q1	46/62	Ref	Ref	Ref
Q2	49/50	1.3 (0.7, 2.3)	1.3 (0.7, 2.3)	1.3 (0.7, 2.3)
Q3	56/52	1.5 (0.9, 2.7)	1.6 (0.9, 2.8)	1.6 (0.9, 2.9)
Q4	69/54	1.8 (1.0, 3.2)	1.8 (1.0, 3.3)	1.8 (1.0, 3.2)
p for trend	220/218	0.03	0.03	0.04
PFDA
Q1	45/50	Ref	Ref	Ref
Q2	60/58	1.0 (0.6, 1.7)	1.0 (0.6, 1.7)	1.0 (0.6, 1.8)
Q3	50/43	1.1 (0.7, 1.9)	1.1 (0.7, 1.9)	1.1 (0.6, 1.9)
Q4	65/67	1.3 (0.7, 2.2)	1.3 (0.7, 2.3)	1.2 (0.7, 2.1)
p for trend	220/218	0.35	0.34	0.49
PFOSA
Q1	44/55	Ref	Ref	Ref
Q2	64/54	1.5 (0.9, 2.7)	1.5 (0.9, 2.6)	1.5 (0.8, 2.7)
Q3	61/55	1.5 (0.8, 2.6)	1.5 (0.8, 2.6)	1.5 (0.9, 2.7)
Q4	51/54	1.3 (0.7, 2.3)	1.3 (0.7, 2.3)	1.3 (0.7, 2.4)
p for trend	220/218	0.78	0.80	0.66
PFNA
Q1	62/59	Ref	Ref	Ref
Q2	46/55	0.9 (0.5, 1.5)	0.8 (0.5, 1.5)	0.8 (0.5, 1.5)
Q3	61/56	1.1 (0.6, 1.8)	1.0 (0.6, 1.8)	1.0 (0.5, 1.7)
Q4	51/48	1.0 (0.6, 1.8)	1.1 (0.6, 1.8)	1.0 (0.6, 1.8)
p for trend	220/218	0.72	0.69	0.82

Note: PFAS, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; PFDA, perfluorodecanoic acid; PFHpS, perfluoroheptane sulfonate; PFHxS, perfluorohexane sulfonate; PFNA, perfluorononanoic acid; PFOA, perfluorooctanoic acid; PFOS, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid; PFOSA, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid; Ref, Reference.

^{^a}

p for trend was fitted using the median value of PFAS in each quartile as a continuous variable.

^{^b}

Adjusted for maternal age, parental socio-occupational status, maternal smoking in the first trimester, maternal alcohol intake in the first trimester, gestational week of blood sampling, and parity.

^{^c}

Adjusted for maternal age, parental socio-occupational status, maternal smoking in the first trimester, maternal alcohol intake in the first trimester, gestational week of blood sampling, parity, and maternal history of miscarriage.

^{^d}