Table 3.
Multilevel Model Results: Walking for Leisure and Walking for Purpose
| Walking for leisure | Walking for purpose | |
|---|---|---|
| Variable | β (SE) | β (SE) |
| Sidewalk characteristics | ||
| Intercept | 70.40 (39.5) | 23.84 (40.5) |
| Age | 0.65 (0.48) | −0.25 (0.52) |
| Education | −0.87 (1.6) | −3.05 (1.8) |
| Sex | −8.93 (6.7) | 11.12 (7.2) |
| Income | −2.08 (0.47) | 1.44 (3.1) |
| Lower body function | 8.16 (0.89)**** | 3.98 (0.96)**** |
| Lag | −0.01 (0.11) | 0.13 (0.12) |
| Sidewalk Characteristics | 1.81 (0.60)* | 1.47 (0.64)* |
| Neighborhood land-use | ||
| Single family detached | ||
| Intercept | 54.18 (38.6) | 49.97 (41.4) |
| Age | 0.62 (0.48) | −0.24 (0.52) |
| Education | −0.94 (1.6) | −3.04 (1.8) |
| Sex | −8.71 (6.7) | 10.82 (7.2) |
| Income | −1.82 (2.9) | 1.30 (3.1) |
| Lower body function | 8.14 (0.89)**** | 3.90 (0.96) |
| Lag | 0.01 (0.11) | 0.13 (0.12) |
| Single family detached | −10.52 (5.9) | −17.51 (7.4)* |
| Multifamily | ||
| Intercept | 63.32 (37.6) | 30.42 (40.4) |
| Age | 0.64 (0.48) | −0.22 (0.52) |
| Education | −0.82 (1.6) | −2.97 (1.8) |
| Sex | −8.85 (6.7) | 10.63 (7.2) |
| Income | −2.16 (2.9) | 1.35 (3.1) |
| Lower body function | 8.13 (0.89) | 3.91 (0.96)*** |
| Lag | 0.01 (0.11) | 0.13 (0.12) |
| Multifamily | −0.69 (1.9) | 11.0 (4.6)* |
| Commercial businesses | ||
| Intercept | 59.98 (37.9) | 32.69 (40.7) |
| Age | 0.62 (0.48) | −0.27 (0.52) |
| Education | −0.89 (1.6) | −2.93 (1.8) |
| Sex | −8.86 (6.7) | 11.33 (7.2) |
| Income | −2.35 (2.9) | 1.59 (3.1) |
| Lower body function | 8.11 (0.90) | 3.96 (0.96)**** |
| Lag | 0.03 (0.12) | 0.14 (0.12) |
| Commercial businesses | −6.31 (6.6) | 6.40 (2.9)* |
| Parking lots | ||
| Intercept | 64.32 (37.8) | 28.81 (40.5) |
| Age | 0.64 (0.48) | −0.26 (0.52) |
| Education | −0.83 (1.6) | −3.04 (1.8) |
| Sex | −8.87 (6.7) | 11.12 (7.2) |
| Income | −2.1 (2.9) | 1.90 (3.1) |
| Lower body function | 8.14 (0.90)**** | 4.02 (0.96) |
| Lag | 0.001 (0.11) | 0.12 (0.12) |
| Parking lots | 1.24 (4.0) | 12.6 (5.8)* |
| Neighborhood aesthetics | ||
| Gardens/flowers | ||
| Intercept | 70.25 (37.92) | 37.27 (40.7) |
| Age | 0.64 (0.48) | −0.28 (0.52) |
| Education | −0.90 (1.65) | −2.99 (1.7)* |
| Sex | −9.10 (6.74) | 11.35 (7.23) |
| Income | −2.44 (2.88) | 1.41 (3.1) |
| Lower body function | 8.16 (0.89)*** | 3.93 (0.96)*** |
| Lag | 0.01 (0.11) | 0.15 (0.12) |
| Gardens/flowers | 9.47 (4.4)* | −1.36 (5.0) |
| Garbage | ||
| Intercept | −1.36 (0.48) | −1.46 (0.50) |
| Age | −0.01 (0.01) | 0.001 (0.01) |
| Education | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.05 (0.02) |
| Sex | 0.06 (0.09) | 0.25 (0.09) |
| Income | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.06 (0.04) |
| Lower body function | 0.16 (0.01)*** | 0.07 (0.01)*** |
| Lag | 0.001 (0.0001) | 0.001 (0.001) |
| Garbage | −0.02 (0.12) | 0.05 (0.12) |
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001. ****p < .0001.