Table 3.
Continuous parameters including age, duration of diabetes, weight, height, BMI, blood sugar level, and ABI along with the parameters indicating neuropathy for all participants and for the groups with and with no future ulceration occurrence
| Continuous parameter | All | No-ulcer occurrence | With ulcer occurrence | Survival analysis Cox univariate regression | Mann-Whitney U test | Univariate logistic regression | ||||||||
| Median | Range | n‡ | Median | Range | n‡ | Median | Range | n‡ | HR (95% CI)* |
P- survival analysis * | P- differences† | OR (95% CI)‡ | P-value logistic regression‡ | |
| Age (years) | 52 | 90 | 1810 | 52 | 90 | 1687 | 54 | 60 | 123 | 1.026 (1.010 to 1.042) | 0.001 | 0.011 | 1.019 (1.003 to 1.035) | 0.019 |
| Height (m) | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1809 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 1686 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 123 | 0.928 (0.125 to 6.858) | 0.941 | 0.923 | 1.175 (0.157 to 8.775) | 0.875 |
| Weight (kg) | 73.2 | 120 | 1807 | 73.2 | 120 | 1684 | 73.0 | 77 | 123 | 0.992 (0.981 to 1.003) | 0.157 | 0.664 | 0.997 (0.985 to 1.008) | 0.582 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.1 | 58.6 | 1810 | 29.1 | 58.6 | 1687 | 28.9 | 34.6 | 123 | 0.984 (0.955 to 1.014) | 0.293 | 0.760 | 0.995(0.966 to 1.024) | 0.722 |
| Ankle brachial index | 1.1 | 1.8 | 1810 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 1687 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 123 | 0.499 (0.142 to 1.750) | 0.531 | 0.205 | 0.247 (0.073 to 0.834) | 0.023 |
| Vibration perception threshold average (V) | 20 | 48 | 1810 | 20 | 48 | 1687 | 30 | 41 | 123 | 1.079 (1.060 to 1.099) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.073 (1.054 to 1.092) | 0.000 |
| Duration of diabetes (days) | 1095 | 18 980 | 1810 | 1095 | 18 980 | 1687 | 2555 | 10 949 | 123 | 1.000 (1.000 to 1.000) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 (1.000 to 1.000) | 0.000 |
| TST to cold probe average (°C) | 28.6 | 34.0 | 1725 | 28.7 | 34.0 | 1614 | 26.7 | 5.6 | 111 | 0.755 (0.688 to 0.829) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.654 (0.565 to 0.757) | 0.000 |
| TST to hot probe average (°C) | 37.2 | 166.7 | 1727 | 37.1 | 166.7 | 1615 | 39.5 | 9.8 | 112 | 1.019 (1.004 to 1.035) | 0.003 | 0.000 | 1.031 (0.996 to 1.067) | 0.033 |
| TTT to cold probe average (°C) | 20.7 | 89.7 | 1724 | 20.7 | 89.7 | 1612 | 18.5 | 8.4 | 112 | 0.668 (0.592 to 0.754) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.717 (0.640 to 0.803) | 0.000 |
| TTT to hot probe average (°C) | 44.9 | 15.5 | 1722 | 44.8 | 15.5 | 1612 | 46.1 | 6.6 | 112 | 1.523 (1.337 to 1.734) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.517 (1.342 to 1.714) | 0.000 |
| Vibration perception threshold wrist (V) | 11 | 46 | 1751 | 11 | 46 | 1635 | 13 | 17 | 116 | 1.068 (1.036 to 1.101) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.117 (1.060 to 1.177) | 0.000 |
| Vibration perception threshold knee (V) | 22 | 43 | 1749 | 22 | 43 | 1633 | 30 | 39 | 116 | 1.082 (1.059 to 1.107) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.081 (1.057 to 1.106) | 0.000 |
| Vibration perception threshold ankle (V) | 21 | 43 | 1751 | 20 | 43 | 1635 | 31 | 39 | 116 | 1.084 (1.063 to 1.105) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.077 (1.056 to 1.098) | 0.000 |
| Vibration perception threshold hallux (V) | 21 | 44 | 1751 | 21 | 44 | 1635 | 32 | 40 | 116 | 1.077 (1.057 to 1.098) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.072 (1.053 to 1.092) | 0.000 |
| Blood glucose level (mmol/L) | 14 | 31 | 1809 | 14 | 31 | 1686 | 16 | 28 | 123 | 1.027 (1.006 to 1.048) | 0.000 | 0.026 | 1.024 (1.003 to 1.045) | 0.031 |
P values <0.05 indicate a significant association and are shown in bold in the table.
*Based on univariate Cox survival analysis.
†Mann-Whitney U test.
‡Based on univariate logistic regression.
ABI, ankle brachial index; BMI, body mass index; TST, temperature sensation threshold; TTT, temperature tolerance threshold.