Table 3.
Sociodemographic, perinatal and infant characteristics of HOME Study woman–child dyads eligible for follow-up (n=441) and those who completed follow-up at 12 years of age (n=256)*
| Characteristic | N (%)/mean (SD) at enrolment† | N (%)/mean (SD) at 12-year visit |
| Maternal race | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 253 (57.4) | 155 (60.5) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 130 (29.5) | 88 (34.4) |
| American Indian, Asian/Pacific/Hispanic | 27 (6.1) | 13 (5.1) |
| Missing | 31 (7.0) | 0 (0) |
| Maternal age at delivery (years) | ||
| 18–<25 | 98 (22.2) | 62 (24.2) |
| 25–<30 | 122 (27.7) | 72 (28.1) |
| 30–<35 | 127 (28.8) | 86 (33.6) |
| >35 | 59 (13.4) | 36 (14.1) |
| Missing | 35 (7.9) | 0 (0) |
| Maternal education | ||
| Some high school | 40 (9.1) | 21 (8.2) |
| High school or GED | 52 (11.8) | 31 (12.1) |
| Some college or technical school | 104 (23.6) | 72 (28.1) |
| >Bachelor’s degree | 205 (46.5) | 123 (48.0) |
| Missing | 40 (9.1) | 9 (3.5) |
| Parity | ||
| Nulliparous | 171 (38.8) | 103 (40.2) |
| Multiparous | 220 (49.9) | 142 (55.5) |
| Missing | 50 (11.3) | 11 (4.3) |
| Prenatal vitamin use | ||
| Never | 48 (10.9) | 28 (10.9) |
| Any | 344 (78.0) | 212 (82.8) |
| Missing | 49 (11.1) | 16 (6.3) |
| Household income (US$ per year) | ||
| <20 000 | 86 (19.5) | 58 (22.7) |
| 20 000 to <40 000 | 75 (17.0) | 45 (17.6) |
| 40 000 to <80 000 | 128 (29.0) | 77 (30.1) |
| >80 000 | 104 (23.6) | 64 (25.0) |
| Missing | 48 (10.9) | 12 (4.7) |
| Smoking during pregnancy† | ||
| None | 364 (82.5) | 215 (84.0) |
| Any | 64 (14.5) | 34 (13.3) |
| Missing | 13 (2.9) | 7 (2.7) |
| Child sex | ||
| Female | 223 (50.6) | 143 (55.9) |
| Male | 183 (41.5) | 113 (44.1) |
| Missing | 35 (7.9) | 0 (0) |
| Infant birth weight (g) | 3329 (643) | 3310 (633) |
| Gestational duration (weeks) | 38.9 (1.8) | 38.9 (1.8) |
*Among 441, some dropped out during pregnancy before administration of baseline questionnaire. Thus, baseline information was not available for some variables.
†Determined using serum cotinine concentrations at 16 or 26 weeks of gestation or at delivery. Women with a serum cotinine >3 ng/mL at any visit were classified as smokers.76
GED, General Educational Development; HOME, The Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment.