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. 2020 May 7;10(5):e037076. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037076

Table 2.

eHLQ and HLQ domains by maternal ethnicity: means (SD) and crude and adjusted associations (total sample size: 405)

Danish origin (reference)
(n=280)
Non-Western descendant
(n=34)
Non-Western-born immigrant
(n=55)
Western-born immigrant
(n=36)
eHLQ 1: using technology to process health information
 Mean (SD) 2.98 (0.45) 2.93 (0.60) 2.96 (0.57) 2.78 (0.49)
 Coefficient crude (95% CI) −0.05 (−0.22 to 0.12) −0.02 (−0.16 to 0.12) −0.20 (−0.36 to −0.03)
 Coefficient adjusted* (95% CI) −0.05 (−0.23 to 0.13) −0.01 (−0.16 to 0.13) −0.20 (−0.37 to −0.03)
 Coefficient adjusted† (95% CI) −0.05 (−0.22 to 0.13) 0.00 (−0.15 to 0.15) −0.19 (−0.36 to −0.02)
eHLQ 2: understanding of health concepts and language
 Mean (SD) 3.15 (0.43) 3.02 (0.56) 2.98 (0.49) 3.07 (0.49)
 Coefficient crude (95% CI) −0.14 (−0.30 to −0.02) −0.18 (−0.31 to −0.05) −0.09 (−0.25 to 0.07)
 Coefficient adjusted* (95% CI) −0.12 (−0.29 to 0.04) −0.18 (−0.31 to −0.04) −0.08 (−0.24 to 0.07)
 Coefficient adjusted† (95% CI) −0.12 (−0.28 to 0.04) −0.14 (−0.28 to −0.01) −0.06 (−0.21 to 0.10)
eHLQ 3: ability to actively engage with digital services
 Mean (SD) 3.20 (0.44) 3.05 (0.61) 2.98 (0.52) 2.96 (0.52)
 Coefficient crude (95% CI) −0.15 (−0.32 to −0.02) −0.22 (−0.36 to −0.09) −0.25 (−0.41 to −0.09)
 Coefficient adjusted* (95% CI) −0.15 (−0.32 to −0.02) −0.22 (−0.36 to −0.08) −0.24 (−0.40 to −0.08)
 Coefficient adjusted† (95% CI) −0.14 (−0.31 to 0.02) −0.20 (−0.34 to −0.06) −0.22 (−0.39 to −0.06)
eHLQ 4: feel safe and in control
 Mean (SD) 3.11 (0.47) 2.99 (0.50) 2.99 (0.56) 3.01 (42)
 Coefficient crude (95% CI) −0.11 (−0.28 to 0.06) −0.12 (−0.26 to 0.02) −0.09 (−0.26 to 0.07)
 Coefficient adjusted* (95% CI) −0.12 (−0.29 to 0.05) −0.12 (−0.26 to 0.02) −0.08 (−0.25 to 0.08)
 Coefficient adjusted† (95% CI) −0.12 (−0.29 to 0.05) −0.10 (−0.24 to 0.05) −0.07 (−24 to 0.09)
eHLQ 5: motivated to engage with digital services
 Mean (SD) 2.85 (0.45) 2.85 (0.55) 2.88 (0.49) 2.79 (0.48)
 Coefficient crude (95% CI) −0.00 (−0.17 to 0.16) 0.03 (−0.11 to 0.16) −0.06 (−0.22 to 0.10)
 Coefficient adjusted* (95% CI) −0.00 (−0.22 to 0.10) 0.03 (−0.11 to 0.17) −0.06 (−0.22 to 0.10)
 Coefficient adjusted† (95% CI) −0.00 (−0.17 to 0.17) 0.03 (−0.11 to 0.18) −0.06 (−0.23 to 0.10)
eHLQ 6: access to digital services that work
 Mean (SD) 2.81 (0.46) 2.79 (0.52) 2.82 (0.46) 2.68 (0.36)
 Coefficient crude (95% CI) −0.02 (−0.18 to 0.15) −0.01 (−0.12 to 0.14) −0.13 (−0.29 to 0.03)
 Coefficient adjusted* (95% CI) −0.05 (−0.21 to 0.12) −0.01 (−0.14 to 0.12) −0.11 (−0.26 to 0.05)
 Coefficient adjusted† (95% CI) −0.05 (−0.21 to 0.12) −0.02 (−0.16 to 0.12) −0.11 (−0.27 to 0.04)
eHLQ 7: digital services that suit individual needs
 Mean (SD) 2.82 (0.51) 2.90 (0.50) 2.85 (0.54) 2.67 (0.51)
 Coefficient crude (95% CI) 0.08 (−0.10 to 26) 0.03 (−0.12 to 0.18) −0.16 (−0.33 to 0.02)
 Coefficient adjusted* (95% CI) 0.04 (−0.14 to 0.23) 0.01 (−0.14 to 0.16) −0.14 (−0.32 to 0.03)
 Coefficient adjusted† (95% CI) 0.06 (−0.13 to 0.24) 0.04 (−0.12 to 0.19) −0.12 (−0.30 to 0.06)
HLQ 6: ability to actively engage with healthcare providers
 Mean (SD) 4.15 (0.47) 4.27 (0.52) 3.97 (0.53) 4.04 (0.46)
 Coefficient crude (95% CI) 0.13 (−0.05 to 0.30) −0.17 (−0.31 to −0.04) −0.10 (−0.27 to 0.07)
 Coefficient adjusted* (95% CI) 0.16 (−0.01 to 0.34) −0.16 (−0.30 to −0.02) −0.12 (−0.28 to 0.05)
 Coefficient adjusted† (95% CI) 0.16 (−0.01;0.34) −0.15 (−0.30; −0.01) −0.12 (−0.28;0.05)
HLQ 7: health system navigation
 Mean (SD) 3.87 (0.51) 3.83 (0.76) 3.74 (0.53) 3.85 (0.48)
 Coefficient crude (95% CI) −0.04 (−0.23 to 0.15) −0.12 (−0.28 to 0.03) −0.02 (−0.20 to 0.16)
 Coefficient adjusted* (95% CI) −0.04 (−0.23 to 0.14) −0.16 (−0.31 to −0.00) −0.00 (−0.18 to 0.18)
 Coefficient adjusted† (95% CI) −0.05 (−0.24 to 0.14) −0.15 (−0.31 to 0.01) −0.00 (−0.19 to 0.18)

*Model 1: regression adjusted for maternal age, parity and marital status.

†Model 2: regression adjusted for maternal age, parity, marital status, and education.

eHLQ, eHealth Literacy Questionnaire; HLQ, Health Literacy Questionnaire.