Table 2.
eHLQ and HLQ domains by maternal ethnicity: means (SD) and crude and adjusted associations (total sample size: 405)
| Danish origin (reference) (n=280) |
Non-Western descendant (n=34) |
Non-Western-born immigrant (n=55) |
Western-born immigrant (n=36) |
|
| eHLQ 1: using technology to process health information | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.98 (0.45) | 2.93 (0.60) | 2.96 (0.57) | 2.78 (0.49) |
| Coefficient crude (95% CI) | −0.05 (−0.22 to 0.12) | −0.02 (−0.16 to 0.12) | −0.20 (−0.36 to −0.03) | |
| Coefficient adjusted* (95% CI) | −0.05 (−0.23 to 0.13) | −0.01 (−0.16 to 0.13) | −0.20 (−0.37 to −0.03) | |
| Coefficient adjusted† (95% CI) | −0.05 (−0.22 to 0.13) | 0.00 (−0.15 to 0.15) | −0.19 (−0.36 to −0.02) | |
| eHLQ 2: understanding of health concepts and language | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.15 (0.43) | 3.02 (0.56) | 2.98 (0.49) | 3.07 (0.49) |
| Coefficient crude (95% CI) | −0.14 (−0.30 to −0.02) | −0.18 (−0.31 to −0.05) | −0.09 (−0.25 to 0.07) | |
| Coefficient adjusted* (95% CI) | −0.12 (−0.29 to 0.04) | −0.18 (−0.31 to −0.04) | −0.08 (−0.24 to 0.07) | |
| Coefficient adjusted† (95% CI) | −0.12 (−0.28 to 0.04) | −0.14 (−0.28 to −0.01) | −0.06 (−0.21 to 0.10) | |
| eHLQ 3: ability to actively engage with digital services | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.20 (0.44) | 3.05 (0.61) | 2.98 (0.52) | 2.96 (0.52) |
| Coefficient crude (95% CI) | −0.15 (−0.32 to −0.02) | −0.22 (−0.36 to −0.09) | −0.25 (−0.41 to −0.09) | |
| Coefficient adjusted* (95% CI) | −0.15 (−0.32 to −0.02) | −0.22 (−0.36 to −0.08) | −0.24 (−0.40 to −0.08) | |
| Coefficient adjusted† (95% CI) | −0.14 (−0.31 to 0.02) | −0.20 (−0.34 to −0.06) | −0.22 (−0.39 to −0.06) | |
| eHLQ 4: feel safe and in control | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.11 (0.47) | 2.99 (0.50) | 2.99 (0.56) | 3.01 (42) |
| Coefficient crude (95% CI) | −0.11 (−0.28 to 0.06) | −0.12 (−0.26 to 0.02) | −0.09 (−0.26 to 0.07) | |
| Coefficient adjusted* (95% CI) | −0.12 (−0.29 to 0.05) | −0.12 (−0.26 to 0.02) | −0.08 (−0.25 to 0.08) | |
| Coefficient adjusted† (95% CI) | −0.12 (−0.29 to 0.05) | −0.10 (−0.24 to 0.05) | −0.07 (−24 to 0.09) | |
| eHLQ 5: motivated to engage with digital services | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.85 (0.45) | 2.85 (0.55) | 2.88 (0.49) | 2.79 (0.48) |
| Coefficient crude (95% CI) | −0.00 (−0.17 to 0.16) | 0.03 (−0.11 to 0.16) | −0.06 (−0.22 to 0.10) | |
| Coefficient adjusted* (95% CI) | −0.00 (−0.22 to 0.10) | 0.03 (−0.11 to 0.17) | −0.06 (−0.22 to 0.10) | |
| Coefficient adjusted† (95% CI) | −0.00 (−0.17 to 0.17) | 0.03 (−0.11 to 0.18) | −0.06 (−0.23 to 0.10) | |
| eHLQ 6: access to digital services that work | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.81 (0.46) | 2.79 (0.52) | 2.82 (0.46) | 2.68 (0.36) |
| Coefficient crude (95% CI) | −0.02 (−0.18 to 0.15) | −0.01 (−0.12 to 0.14) | −0.13 (−0.29 to 0.03) | |
| Coefficient adjusted* (95% CI) | −0.05 (−0.21 to 0.12) | −0.01 (−0.14 to 0.12) | −0.11 (−0.26 to 0.05) | |
| Coefficient adjusted† (95% CI) | −0.05 (−0.21 to 0.12) | −0.02 (−0.16 to 0.12) | −0.11 (−0.27 to 0.04) | |
| eHLQ 7: digital services that suit individual needs | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.82 (0.51) | 2.90 (0.50) | 2.85 (0.54) | 2.67 (0.51) |
| Coefficient crude (95% CI) | 0.08 (−0.10 to 26) | 0.03 (−0.12 to 0.18) | −0.16 (−0.33 to 0.02) | |
| Coefficient adjusted* (95% CI) | 0.04 (−0.14 to 0.23) | 0.01 (−0.14 to 0.16) | −0.14 (−0.32 to 0.03) | |
| Coefficient adjusted† (95% CI) | 0.06 (−0.13 to 0.24) | 0.04 (−0.12 to 0.19) | −0.12 (−0.30 to 0.06) | |
| HLQ 6: ability to actively engage with healthcare providers | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.15 (0.47) | 4.27 (0.52) | 3.97 (0.53) | 4.04 (0.46) |
| Coefficient crude (95% CI) | 0.13 (−0.05 to 0.30) | −0.17 (−0.31 to −0.04) | −0.10 (−0.27 to 0.07) | |
| Coefficient adjusted* (95% CI) | 0.16 (−0.01 to 0.34) | −0.16 (−0.30 to −0.02) | −0.12 (−0.28 to 0.05) | |
| Coefficient adjusted† (95% CI) | 0.16 (−0.01;0.34) | −0.15 (−0.30; −0.01) | −0.12 (−0.28;0.05) | |
| HLQ 7: health system navigation | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.87 (0.51) | 3.83 (0.76) | 3.74 (0.53) | 3.85 (0.48) |
| Coefficient crude (95% CI) | −0.04 (−0.23 to 0.15) | −0.12 (−0.28 to 0.03) | −0.02 (−0.20 to 0.16) | |
| Coefficient adjusted* (95% CI) | −0.04 (−0.23 to 0.14) | −0.16 (−0.31 to −0.00) | −0.00 (−0.18 to 0.18) | |
| Coefficient adjusted† (95% CI) | −0.05 (−0.24 to 0.14) | −0.15 (−0.31 to 0.01) | −0.00 (−0.19 to 0.18) | |
*Model 1: regression adjusted for maternal age, parity and marital status.
†Model 2: regression adjusted for maternal age, parity, marital status, and education.
eHLQ, eHealth Literacy Questionnaire; HLQ, Health Literacy Questionnaire.