Table 1.
Distribution of sociodemographic and clinical variables among hospitalised children for participating districts (January 2015–April 2017)
| Characteristics | Lucknow | Etawah | Patna | Darbhanga | Total |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | n=1025 (%) |
n=389 (%) |
n=744 (%) |
n=671 (%) |
n=2829 (%) |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 659 (64.29) | 287 (73.78) | 557 (74.87) | 502 (74.81) | 2005 (70.87) |
| Place of residence | |||||
| Rural | 195 (19.02) | 279 (71.72) | 304 (40.86) | 614 (91.51) | 1392 (49.20) |
| Urban | 830 (80.98) | 110 (28.28) | 440 (59.14) | 57 (8.49) | 1437 (50.80) |
| Family type | |||||
| Joint | 688 (67.12) | 360 (92.54) | 707 (95.03) | 383 (57.08) | 2138 (75.57) |
| Nuclear | 337 (32.88) | 29 (7.46) | 37 (4.97) | 287 (42.77) | 690 (24.39) |
| House type | |||||
| Mud | 64 (6.24) | 54 (13.88) | 123 (16.53) | 374 (55.74) | 615 (21.74) |
| Bricks | 854 (83.32) | 256 (65.81) | 453 (60.89) | 85 (12.67) | 1648 (58.25) |
| Combined | 107 (10.4) | 79 (20.31) | 168 (22.58) | 212 (31.59) | 566 (20.01) |
| Mother’s education | |||||
| No formal education | 203 (19.80) | 56 (14.40) | 328 (44.09) | 496 (73.92) | 1083 (38.28) |
| Class I–V | 108 (10.54) | 28 (7.20) | 82 (11.02) | 38 (5.66) | 256 (9.05) |
| Class VI–XII | 379 (36.98) | 176 (45.24) | 243 (33.66) | 112 (16.69) | 910 (32.17) |
| Graduate/Postgraduate | 335 (32.68) | 129 (33.16) | 91 (12.23) | 25 (3.73) | 580 (20.50) |
| Father’s education | |||||
| No formal education | 167 (16.29) | 29 (7.46) | 153 (20.56) | 345 (51.42) | 694 (24.53) |
| Class I–V | 85 (8.29) | 19 (4.88) | 91 (12.23) | 82 (12.22) | 277 (9.79) |
| Class VI–XII | 437 (42.63) | 206 (52.96) | 328 (44.09) | 205 (30.55) | 1176 (41.57) |
| Graduate/Postgraduate | 336 (32.78) | 135 (34.70) | 172 (23.12) | 39 (5.81) | 682 (24.11) |
| Birth order | |||||
| First | 435 (42.44) | 187 (48.07) | 315 (42.34) | 192 (28.61) | 1129 (39.91) |
| Second | 343 (33.46) | 120 (30.85) | 235 (31.59) | 258 (38.45) | 956 (33.79) |
| Third | 153 (14.93) | 47 (12.08) | 129 (17.34) | 137 (20.42) | 466 (16.47) |
| More than third | 93 (9.07) | 35 (9.00) | 62 (8.33) | 83 (12.37) | 273 (9.65) |
| Immunisation status | |||||
| Complete for age | 792 (77.27) | 300 (77.12) | 711 (95.56) | 544 (81.07) | 2347 (82.96) |
| Incomplete for age | 220 (21.46) | 84 (21.59) | 25 (3.36) | 126 (18.78) | 455 (16.08) |
| Unimmunised | 13 (1.27) | 5 (1.29) | 8 (1.08) | 1 (0.15) | 27 (0.95) |
| Currently breast feeding | |||||
| Yes | 653 (63.71) | 256 (65.81) | 589 (79.17) | 537 (80.03) | 2035 (71.93) |
| No | 372 (36.29) | 133 (34.19) | 155 (20.83) | 134 (19.97) | 794 (28.07) |
| Father’s occupation | |||||
| Unemployed | 13 (1.27) | 20 (5.14) | 27 (3.63) | 63 (9.39) | 123 (4.35) |
| Daily wages | 329 (32.10) | 81 (20.82) | 165 (22.18) | 474 (70.64) | 1049 (37.08) |
| Salaried/Professional | 397 (38.73) | 104 (26.74) | 245 (32.93) | 55 (8.20) | 801 (28.31) |
| Self- employed | 286 (27.90) | 184 (47.30) | 307 (41.26) | 79 (11.77) | 856 (30.26) |
| Mother’s occupation | |||||
| Home maker | 961 (93.76) | 376 (96.66) | 701 (94.22) | 484 (72.13) | 2522 (89.15) |
| Daily wages | 17 (1.66) | 3 (0.77) | 17 (2.28) | 171 (25.48) | 208 (7.35) |
| Salaried/Professional | 47 (4.59) | 9 (2.31) | 18 (2.42) | 7 (1.04) | 81 (2.86) |
| Self-employed | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.26) | 8 (1.08) | 9 (1.34) | 18 (0.64) |
| Biomass fuel | |||||
| Yes | 211 (20.59) | 245 (62.98) | 263 (35.35) | 609 (90.76) | 1328 (46.94) |
| No | 814 (79.41) | 144 (37.02) | 481 (64.65) | 62 (9.24) | 1501 (53.06) |
| Smoking status—father | |||||
| Yes | 152 (14.83) | 45 (11.57) | 56 (7.53) | 59 (8.79) | 312 (11.03) |
| No | 873 (85.17) | 344 (88.43) | 688 (92.47) | 612 (91.21) | 2517 (88.97) |
| Indoor smoking—father | |||||
| Yes | 83 (8.10) | 21 (5.40) | 16 (2.15) | 43 (6.41) | 163 (5.76) |
| No | 942 (91.90) | 368 (91.60) | 728 (97.85) | 628 (93.59) | 2666 (94.24) |
| Smoking status— family member |
|||||
| Yes | 129 (12.59) | 55 (14.14) | 45 (6.05) | 102 (15.20) | 331 (11.70) |
| No | 896 (87.41) | 334 (85.86) | 699 (93.95) | 569 (84.80) | 2498 (83.30) |
| Indoor smoking— family member |
|||||
| Yes | 84 (8.20) | 27 (6.94) | 27 (3.63) | 94 (14.01) | 232 (8.20) |
| No | 941 (91.80) | 362 (93.06) | 717 (96.37) | 577 (85.99) | 2597 (91.80) |
| Clinical variables at the time of admission at hospital |
n Mean±SD |
n Mean±SD |
n Mean±SD |
n Mean±SD |
n Mean±SD |
| Age (months) |
1025 14.53±13.88 |
389 10.69±10.95 |
744 10.26±11.35 |
671 12.30±13.29 |
2829 12.35±12.85 |
| Height (cm) |
303 68.61±13.78 |
324 70.66±13.75 |
34 64.38±10.25 |
266 70.46±12.14 |
927 69.70±13.26 |
| Weight (kg) |
1025 7.96±2.97 |
389 7.34±2.73 |
744 7.11±2.78 |
671 7.78±2.93 |
2829 7.61±2.90 |
| Fever duration (days) |
929 4.46±2.71 |
321 3.59±2.37 |
689 4.25±2.52 |
569 3.54±2.47 |
2508 4.08±2.59 |
| Respiratory rate | |||||
| Respiratory rate (2–11 months) |
602 53.38±14.05 |
272 60.87±9.60 |
540 53.82±10.16 |
451 60.78±7.26 |
1864 56.37±11.49 |
| Respiratory rate (12–59 months) |
423 47.75±14.17 |
117 53.22±13.17 |
204 45.59±10.11 |
220 58.03±6.83 |
964 50.30±12.76 |
| Oxygen saturation done (n, %) | 528 (51.51) | 343 (88.17) | 236 (34.25) | 319 (56.06) |
1426 (50.40) |
| Oxygen saturation <90% (n, %) | 61 (11.53) | 57 (16.61) | 49 (20.76) | 43 (13.47) | 210 (14.72) |
| Grunting (n, %) |
461 (44.98) | 353 (90.75) | 687 (92.34) | 649 (96.72) | 2150 (76.00) |
| Very severe chest in-drawing (n, %) | 953 (92.97) | 352 (90.49) | 739 (99.33) | 651 (97.02) | 2695 (95.26) |
| Signs of pneumonia with a general danger sign | |||||
| Lethargy or reduced level of consciousness (n, %) | 423 (41.27) | 259 (66.58) | 6 (0.81) | 412 (61.40) | 1100 (38.88) |
| Inability to breast feed or drink (n, %) | 291 (28.39) | 259 (66.58) | 75 (10.08) | 312 (46.50) | 937 (33.12) |
| Convulsions (n, %) | 16 (1.56) | 19 (4.58) | 13 (1.75) | 100 (14.90) | 148 (5.23) |
| Central cyanosis (n,%) | 15 (1.46) | 7 (1.80) | 26 (3.49) | 14 (2.09) | 62 (2.19) |