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. 2020 May 15;9:e55053. doi: 10.7554/eLife.55053

Figure 5. Autoantibodies to oocyte-expressed protein KHDC3L are associated with ovarian insufficiency.

Figure 5.

(A) Principle component analysis of transcriptome of single human oocytes (red) and granulosa cells (GCs, blue); data re-analyzed from Zhang et al. (2018). KHDC3L is highly expressed in oocytes, along with binding partner NLRP5 and known oocyte marker DDX4. For comparison, known GC markers INHBA and AMH are primarily expressed in the GC population. (B) APS1 sera that are positive for one of anti-KHDC3L and anti-NLRP5 autoantibodies tend to also be positive for the other. (C) Antibody indices for both KHDC3L and NLRP5 are increased in females with APS1. (D) Antibody indices for females with APS1 by age; All 10 patients with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) are positive for anti-KHDC3L antibodies. Of note, many of the individuals with anti-KHDC3L antibodies but without POI are younger and therefore cannot be fully evaluated for ovarian insufficiency.