TABLE 1.
Summary of Studies Investigating Combination Therapy With a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and an SGLT2 Inhibitor in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
| Study, Duration | Design | Treatment | Clinical Outcomes With Combination Therapy* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ↓ A1C | ↓ W | ↓ SBP | Hypoglycemia | |||
| Simultaneous start | ||||||
| Jabbour et al. (50), 52 weeks, and Hardy et al. (65), 104 weeks | R, DB | Exenatide QW + dapagliflozin; exenatide QW + placebo; | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | No major episodes; few minor/other episodes (more common with combination) |
| dapagliflozin + placebo | ||||||
| Sequential start | ||||||
| Ludvik et al. (51), 24 weeks | R, DB | Dulaglutide vs. placebo added to SGLT2 inhibitor | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1 severe episode |
| Curtis et al. (54), 48 weeks | Ret, Obs | Dapagliflozin added to GLP-1 receptor agonist | ✓ | ✓ | NR | NR |
| Deol et al. (55), 3–6 months | Ret, Obs | SGLT2 inhibitor added to GLP-1 receptor agonist | ✓ | ✓ | NR | NR |
| Saroka et al. (56), mean 10.7 months | Obs | Canagliflozin added to GLP-1 receptor agonist | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | NR |
*
↓ indicates reduction; ✓ indicates significant reduction with combination therapy versus comparator (or versus baseline in observational studies); ✗ indicates no significant reduction. DB, double-blind; Obs, observational; NR, not reported, R, randomized; Ret, retrospective; SBP, systolic blood pressure; W, weight.