Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population by the presence of erectile dysfunction
| Overall, n = 1760 | ED (+), n = 777 | ED (−), n = 983 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 68 ± 9 | 73 ± 9 | 65 ± 8 | < 0.01 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White, n (%) | 734 (41.7) | 328 (42.2) | 406 (41.3) | 0.76 |
| African American, n (%) | 427 (10.9) | 188 (24.2) | 239 (24.3) | |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 407 (23.1) | 183 (23.6) | 224 (22.8) | |
| Chinese American, n (%) | 192 (10.9) | 78 (10.0) | 114 (11.6) | |
| Higher education, n (%) | 1295/1756 (73.7) | 531/776 (68.4) | 764/980 (78.0) | < 0.01 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.3 ± 4.7 | 28.4 ± 4.8 | 28.1 ± 4.5 | 0.17 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 122 ± 19 | 125 ± 21 | 120 ± 17 | < 0.01 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 71 ± 10 | 70 ± 10 | 73 ± 9 | < 0.01 |
| Smoking, pack-years | 2 (0 –19) | 4 (0 – 24) | 1 (0 – 16) | < 0.01 |
| Current alcohol use, n (%) | 930 (52.8) | 375 (48.3) | 555 (56.5) | < 0.01 |
| History of diabetes, n (%) | 359/1742 (20.6) | 221/765 (27,6) | 148/977 (15.2) | < 0.01 |
| History of heart failure, n (%) | 27 (1.5) | 18 (2.3) | 9 (0.9) | 0.02 |
| History of MI, n (%) | 37 (2.1) | 21 (2.7) | 16 (1.6) | 0.12 |
| Family history of CVD, n (%) | 1194/1757 (68.0) | 560/776 (72.2) | 634/981 (64.6) | < 0.01 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 173 ± 35 | 168± 34 | 177 ± 35 | < 0.01 |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 80 ± 17 | 75 ± 18 | 84 ± 15 | < 0.01 |
| Anti-hypertensive medication use, n (%) | 910 (51.7) | 497 (64.0) | 413 (42.0) | < 0.01 |
| Lipid-lowering medication use, n (%) | 702 (39.9) | 367 (47.2) | 335 (34.1) | < 0.01 |
| Beta blocker medication use, n (%) | 271 (15.4) | 160 (20.6) | 111 (11.3) | < 0.01 |
| CES-D > 16, n (%) | 194/1743 (11.1) | 101/763 (13.2) | 93/980 (9.5) | 0.01 |
| Antidepressant use, n (%) | 127/1757 (7.2) | 73/776 (9.4) | 54/981 (5.5) | < 0.01 |
| ED medication use, n (%) | 41 (2.3) | 24 (3.1) | 17 (1.7) | 0.06 |
Abbreviation: CES-D indicates Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ED, erectile dysfunction; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MESA, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; MI, myocardial infarction.
Continuous variables are summarized as mean ± SD and median (interquartile range).
Categorical variables are summarized as n (%). Student t test, Wilcoxon test, x2 square test (Pearson) are used for statistical analysis. A p value less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant.