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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 6.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Nephrol. 2020 Mar 6;51(5):381–389. doi: 10.1159/000506729

Figure 1. Autoclaving grain-based diet increases carboxymethyllysine and methylglyoxal and leads to increased plasma total AGEs and oxidative stress in rats.

Figure 1.

Panel A. Standard diets were assessed for CML and MG by ELISA depending on the place in the rack where the diets are autoclaved. Panel B. Fold difference compared to the CML and MG concentration of the non-autoclaved standard diet. Panel C. Total plasma AGEs were higher in rats fed the AC and AC+Casein diets than the rats fed the Non-AC+Casein diet. Panel D. There was disease-by-diet interaction in plasma 8OHdG, a marker of oxidative stress, where 8OHdG was higher in CKD rats fed the AC and AC+Casein diets compared to NL, but not in the Non-AC+Casein rats. Within the CKD rats, those fed the AC and AC+Casein had higher concentrations than the Non-AC+Casein CKD rats. ** P<0.01, *** P <0.001.AGEs, advanced glycation end products; CML, carboxymethyllysine; MG, methylglyoxal; 8OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine; CKD, chronic kidney disease; NL, normal kidney function; AC, autoclaved diet; Non-AC, non-autoclaved diet.