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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 14.

Published in final edited form as: J Phys Chem B. 2020 May 1;124(19):3855–3872. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00628

Figure 8. — Top panels of A, B and C represent experimental values of the virtual-bond κ_i (red) and torsion γ_i (blue) angle spectra of 1E0L (panel A), 2N4R (panel B) and 2N4T (panel C). Remaining three panels in A, B and C illustrate kink structures, i.e., the virtual-bond κ_i (red) and torsion γ_i (green) angle spectra for three selected structures of 1E0L (panel A), 2N4R (panel B) and 2N4T (panel C), after ℤ₂ gauge transformation (eq. 8) was made. Blue circles represent centers of kinks, purple rhombuses represent the right edges of left kinks.

Figure 8. — Top panels of A, B and C represent experimental values of the virtual-bond κ_i (red) and torsion γ_i (blue) angle spectra of 1E0L (panel A), 2N4R (panel B) and 2N4T (panel C). Remaining three panels in A, B and C illustrate kink structures, i.e., the virtual-bond κ_i (red) and torsion γ_i (green) angle spectra for three selected structures of 1E0L (panel A), 2N4R (panel B) and 2N4T (panel C), after ℤ₂ gauge transformation (eq. 8) was made. Blue circles represent centers of kinks, purple rhombuses represent the right edges of left kinks.