Fig. 1.

DMPP acutely elicits hyperglycaemia, while chronically it improves glucose tolerance. (a) Effect of first injection (i.e. day 0) of DMPP (10 mg/kg) or vehicle injected at time point 0 min on blood glucose excursion with AUC in DIO WT mice. (b) Glucose tolerance with incremental AUC (iAUC) determined 24 h after the first injection (i.e. day 1) of DMPP or vehicle. (c) Effect of the third injection (i.e. day 2) of DMPP or vehicle on blood glucose excursion and AUC. (d) Glucose tolerance with iAUC determined 18 h after the third daily injection (i.e. day 3) of DMPP or vehicle. All data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 7–8). Data in line graphs were assessed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA (time × drug) with a subsequent Bonferroni post hoc test. Data in bar graphs were probed with two-tailed Student’s t tests, comparing the means of vehicle and DMPP; *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001 compared with vehicle