Table 1.
Changes in weight, blood pressure, lipid profile and glycaemic control
| Baseline | 1 month | 6 months | 4 years | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | 150 ± 37 | 132 ± 32 | 117 ± 29 | 116 ± 27 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 54 ± 14 | 48 ± 12 | 43 ± 11 | 43 ± 11 | < 0.001 |
| %EWL | 23.6 ± 10.3 | 43.2 ± 19.0 | 43.7 ± 24.5 | ||
| SBP (mmHg) | 137 ± 25 | 123 ± 15 | 131 ± 14 | 129 ± 20 | 0.021 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 81 ± 14 | 71 ± 10 | 76 ± 8 | 73 ± 13 | 0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 3.8 ± 1.1 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 4.6 ± 1.3 | 0.178 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 1.2 | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 0.416 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 03 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 0.002 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 0.151 |
| FPG* (mmol/L) | 7.3 (5.9–9.2) | 5.7 (4.8–6.8) | 5.4 (4.5–6.9) | 6.4 (5.5–9.0) | 0.378 |
| 2 h-PG (mmol/L) | 13.1 ± 5.7 | 8.8 ± 3.8 | 9.2 ± 6.6 | 9.4 ± 5.5 | 0.238 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 58 ± 18 | 47 ± 12 | 45 ± 15 | 46 ± 15 | 0.049 |
| Fasting insulin* (mU/L) | 27.7 (19.6–38.6) | 12.6 (7.6–25.6) | 10.3 (6.0–20.7) | 16.9 (6.0–34.4) | 0.135 |
| Fasting C-peptide* (pmol/ml) | 1.4 (0.9–1.6) | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) | 0.018 |
| HOMA-%S** | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 0.064 |
| HOMA-IR** | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.098 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise stated.*Data are presented as median and interquartile range. **Log transformed data. %EWL, percent excess weight loss; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; LDL, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride. FPG, fasting plasma glucose; 2 h-PG, 2-h plasma glucose; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; HOMA-%S, homeostatic model assessment (insulin sensitivity); HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment (insulin resistance)
p value calculated from ANOVA or Friedman test