Table 4.

Hazard indices for pesticide residues from milk in adults and children from five different sites of India at lower bound (LB) and upper bound (UB) approaches.

Pesticide	RfDa/µg Kg-1 per day a	Bangalore				Bhubaneswar				Guwahati				Ludhiana				Udaipur
		Adult		Child		Adult		Child		Adult		Child		Adult		Child		Adult		Child
		LB	UB	LB	UB	LB	UB	LB	UB	LB	UB	LB	UB	LB	UB	LB	UB	LB	UB	LB	UB
γ-HCH	0.3	0.01	0.097	0.07	0.584	—	—	—	—	0.0031	0.024	0.02	0.147	0.005	0.323	0.03	1.937	0.002	0.224	0.06	1.34
DDT	0.5	0.005	0.073	0.03	0.041	0.005	0.032	0.03	0.19	0.004	0.04	0.02	0.24	0.008	0.271	0.048	1.627	0.005	0.187	0.13	1.120
Endosulfan	6.0	0.001	0.007	0.006	0.041	0.000	0.002	0.004	0.013	0.000	0.002	0.001	0.010	0.000	0.022	0.000	0.132	—		—
Cyhalothrin	5.0	0.000	0.007	0.001	0.043	0.000	0.003	0.008	0.016	0.000	0.002	0.001	0.012	0.002	0.028	0.01	0.166	0.000	0.018	0.003	0.11
Cypermethrin	10.0	0.001	0.005	0.003	0.027	—		—		0.000	0.001	0.000	0.006	0.003	0.011	0.02	0.106	—		—
Permethrin	50.0	0.000	0.001	0.0002	0.005	0.000	0.000	0.02	0.004	0.000	0.0002	0.000	0.002	0.000	0.003	0.001	0.019	0.002	0.009	0.06	0.052
Chlorpyrifos	3.0	0.002	0.008	0.010	0.047	0.000	0.003	0.003	0.017	0.000	0.0017	0.001	0.011	0.005	0.028	0.031	0.170	0.001	0.02	0.03	0.012
Ethion	0.5	0.01	0.09	0.06	0.540	0.002	0.032	0.014	0.20	0.003	0.023	0.020	0.140	0.027	0.32	0.160	1.93	0.008	0.224	0.049	1.345
Fipronil	30.0	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.006	—		—	—	0.000	0.0002	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.003	0.003	0.020	0.0000	0.002	0.001	0.013

^aRfD values (Guidance values) obtained from USEPA.

*Estimated average daily dietary intake in ng kg⁻¹ bw based on mean residue levels.