Table 4.
STN and GPi functional connections
| Input | Output | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afferents | Neurotransmitter | STN area involved | Efferents | Neurotransmitter | |
| STN | Globus pallidus pars externa | GABA |
Dorsolateral (motor area) Ventromedial (limbic area) |
Globus pallidus pars interna | Glutamate |
|
Primary motor cortex Supplementary motor area Premotor cortex |
Glutamate | Dorsolateral (motor area) | Substantia nigra pars reticulata | Glutamate | |
|
Prefrontal cortex Prelimbic-medial orbital areas |
Glutamate | Ventromedial (limbic area) | – | – | |
| Thalamus (parafascicular and centromedian nuclei) | Glutamate |
Dorsolateral (motor area) Ventromedial (limbic area) |
– | – | |
| Input | Output | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afferent area | Neurotransmitter | Efferent area | Neurotransmitter | |
| GPi | Striatum (putamen and caudate) | GABA | Thalamus (ventroanterior and ventrolateral nuclei) | GABA |
| Globus pallidus pars externa | GABA | Substantia nigra pars compacta | GABA | |
| Thalamus (intralaminar nucleus) | Glutamate | Lateral habenular nucleus | GABA | |
| STN | Glutamate | Pedunculopontine nucleus | GABA | |
| Pedunculopontine nucleus | Glutamate and acetylcholine | – | – | |
| Dorsal raphe nucleus | Serotonin | – | – | |
| Substantia nigra | Dopamine | – | – | |
GABA gamma-aminobutyric acid, GPi globus pallidus pars interna, STN subthalamic nucleus