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. 2020 May 15;10:8030. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64716-8

Table 2.

Numbers and percentages of parts of skeletal elements included in each breakage category for the rabbit remains recovered from the wolf scat sample. Long bones, metacarpal and metatarsal bones were classified as complete (C), proximal epiphysis (PE), proximal epiphysis + shaft (PES), shaft (S), shaft + distal epiphysis (SDE) and distal epiphysis (DE). Mandibles as C, incisive part (IP), mandible body + incisive part (MBI), mandible body (MB), mandible body + branch (MBB) and condylar process (CP). Crania as C, incisive bone (IB), incisive bone + maxilla (IBM), maxilla (M), zygomatic arch (ZA) and neurocranium (NC). Innominates as C, acetabulum (A), acetabulum + ischium (AIS), acetabulum + ischium + ilium (AISIL), acetabulum + ilium (AIL), ischium (IS) and ilium (IL). Scapulae as C, glenoid cavity (GC), glenoid cavity + neck (GCN), glenoid cavity + neck + fossa (GCNF), neck + fossa (NF) and fossa (F). Vertebrae as C, vertebral body (VB), vertebral epiphysis (VE) and spinous process (SP). Phalanges as C, proximal fragment (P), distal fragment (D) and fragment (F). Patellae, carpals/tarsals, calcanea, astragali, ribs and teeth as C and F.

BREAKAGE CATEGORIES
Long bones and metapodial C PE PES S SDE DE
N % N % N % N % N % N %
Humerus 0 0 7 58.3 1 8.3 2 16.6 0 0 2 16.6
Radius 0 0 3 60 0 0 2 40 0 0 0 0
Ulna 0 0 0 0 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
Femur 0 0 6 60 0 0 2 20 0 0 2 20
Tibia 0 0 9 60 0 0 3 20 0 0 3 20
Metapodial 5 15.2 1 3 5 15.2 8 24.2 0 0 14 42.4
Mandible N % Cranium N % Innominate N % Scapula N %
C 0 0 C 0 0 C 0 0 C 0 0
IP 1 3.6 IB 2 2.2 A 2 28.6 GC 0 0
MBI 0 0 IBM 0 0 AIS 1 14.3 GCN 0 0
MB 18 64.3 M 7 7.6 AISIL 3 42.9 NF 1 50
MBB 9 32 ZA 15 16.3 AIL 0 0 F 1 50
PC 0 0 NC 68 73.9 IS 0 0 IL 1 14.3
Vertebrae N % Ribs N % Phalanges 1/2 N % Phalanx 3 N %
C 5 3.2 C 0 0 C 65 53.7 C 135 87.1
VB 38 24.5 F 17 100 P 26 21.5 F 20 12.9
VE 81 52.3 D 30 24.8
SP 31 20.0
Patella N % Car/tar N % Cal N % Ast N %
C 7 100 C 7 100 C 0 0 C 0 0
F 0 0 F 0 0 F 7 100 F 2 100
Teeth Incisors Upper molars Lower molars
N % N % N %
C 40.6 112 80.6 70 84.3
F 19 59.4 27 19.4 13 15.7