Table I.
Articles with more than 5 patients that described skin disease associated with presentation of COVID-19
| Article | Year and location | Design | Population | Cases with cutaneous manifestations related to COVID-19 (%) | Cutaneous manifestations | Anatomic location of skin lesion | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bouaziz et al4 | 2020; France | Retrospective; multicenter | 14 | 14 (100) | Inflammatory lesions (7), vascular lesions (7) | COVID-19 symptoms before skin lesion onset (14) | |
| Duong et al5 | 2020; France | Prospective; crowdsourced social media | 295 | 295 (100) | Chilblain-like lesion (146), other skin eruption (149) | ||
| Fernandez-Nieto et al6 | 2020; Spain | Retrospective | 346 | 132 (38.2)∗ | Chilblain-like lesion (95), erythema multiform–like lesion (37) | Chilblain-like lesions (hand [33], feet [73]), erythema multiform–like lesions (hand [8], feet [35]) | Skin lesion at COVID-19 symptom onset (3), COVID-19 symptoms before skin lesion onset (16); no diagnosis of pneumonia (132/132) |
| Galván Casas et al7 | 2020; Spain | Prospective; crowdsourced survey | 429 | 375 (87.4) | Maculopapular lesion (176), urticarial lesion (73), pseudochilblain lesion (71), vesicular lesion (34), livedoid/necrotic lesion (21) | Pseudochilblain (acral), vesicular (some trunk, limbs, diffuse), urticarial (mostly trunk or diffuse, few palmar), maculopapular (diffuse, few extremities), livedoid/necrotic (trunk, acral) | Itch (213), pain (32), burning (22) |
| Landa et al8 | 2020; Spain | Retrospective; multicenter | 6 | 6 (100) | Chilblain-like lesions (6) | Foot (5), hand and foot (1) | Pain (3), itch (2); skin lesion led to diagnosis of pneumonia (1) |
| Marzano et al9 | 2020; Italy | Prospective; multicenter | 22 | 22 (100) | Varicella-like exanthem (22) | Trunk (18), trunk and limbs (4) | Itch (8), pain (2), burning (2), itch/burning (1); COVID-19 symptoms usually before skin findings |
| Piccolo et al10 | 2020; Italy | Prospective; crowdsourced survey | 63 | 63 (100) | Chilblain-like lesions ([63: 54 had photos]; 31/54 erythematous-edematous, 23/54 blistering) | Feet (86%), hands (6%), both (7%) | Pain (27%), itch (27%), pain/itch (21%); most patients had lesions at diagnosis |
| Recalcati11 | 2020; Italy | Prospective; single institution | 88 | 18 (20.5) | Erythematous rash (14), widespread urticaria (3), chicken pox–like vesicles (1) | Trunk was most involved region | Cutaneous manifestations at onset (8); cutaneous manifestation developed after hospitalization (10) |
| Recalcati et al12 | 2020; Italy | Prospective; single institution | 121 | 14 (11.6) | Erythematoviolaceus acral rash, digital welling | Feet (8), hands (4), hands and feet (2) | Itch (3); children (11), young adults (3) |
COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019.
∗
Nonacral skin lesions excluded from counts per article methods.