. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 16.

Published in final edited form as: J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2017 Dec 28;44(6):974–991. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000497

Table 3.

The characteristics of the cognate and non-cognate stimuli in Experiment 3

	Cognates		Non-cognates		Cognates vs. Non-cognates

	M	SD	M	SD	t-value	p-value
Frequency^a (English name)	37.90	20.30	178.16	309.26	0.91	0.40
Frequency^b (Spanish name)	47.48	38.72	198.70	349.23	0.86	0.42
Number of Syllables (English Name)	1.75	0.50	2.00	0.82	0.52	0.62
Number of Syllables (Spanish Name)	2.50	0.58	2.75	0.96	0.45	0.67
Visual Complexity^c	2.29	0.89	1.86	0.91	0.68	0.52

The frequency refers to the number per million based on SUBTLEX_US (Brysbaert & New2009)

The frequency refers to the number per million based on SUBTLEX_ESP (VegaNostiGutiérrez& Brysbaert2011)

The visual complexity was rated by 18 native English-speaking college students from 1 (very simple) to 7 (too complex to recognize the picture).