Fig. 1.

Overview of the qualitative and quantitative factors (652 data pieces). The superscript “a” represents that the other types of qualitative factors are shown in the SI Appendix. The superscript “b” represents that the factors are measured in the same culture with the same NP concentration The overall dataset is listed in the SI Appendix. The first to third quartiles were used to describe the data distribution. DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium; HP, human plasma; PDI, polydispersity index; PEG, polyethylene glycol; PS, polystyrene.