Fig. 4.

Experiments evaluating the functional and physicochemical composition predictions of protein coronas. (A–D) TEM micrograph representing the morphology and size of Fe₃O₄, Fe₃O₄-CIT, Au-COOH, and Au-NH₂ NPs. The observed functional components of the protein coronas on the four NPs were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The model prediction accuracy was measured by the correlation coefficient (R²) and between observations and predictions of the functional (E, apolipoproteins; F, coagulation proteins; G, complement proteins; and H, immune proteins) and physicochemical (I and J) compositions of selected NPs. The heatmap visualizes the model performance for compositions classified by physicochemical properties, as measured by R² (I) and RMSE (J). The model evaluations of clusterin and other proteins are shown in SI Appendix, Fig. S10.