Table 1.

Potential Endogenous Biomarkers^a

tR (min)	m/z	mass accuracy(ppm)	metabolite	fold change compared with controls
3.61	512.2651b	5.77	sulfolithocholylglycine	13.1 ↑
3.79	498.2854b	6.93	tauroursodeoxycholic	11.0 ↑
3.82	514.2803b	6.66	taurocholic acidd	11.3 ↑
4.08	455.2476b	2.17	sulfolithocholic acid	20.5 ↑
4.26	464.298b	6.64	glycocholic acidd	4.3 ↑
4.66	407.277b	6.44	β-muricholic acid	1.6 ↓
5.41	542.3245c	0.50	LPC C20:5	3.6↓
8.86	544.3402c	0.40	LPC C20:4 isomer	1.5 ↓
9.33	544.3404c	0.04	LPC C20:4	1.5 ↓
9.41	568.3410c	1.02	LPC C22:6	66.3 ↑
10.87	522.3545c	3.01	LPC C18:1 isomer	2.1 ↓
11.07	522.3553c	1.48	LPC C18:1 isomer	2.2 ↑
11.81	522.3559c	0.33	LPC C18:1	3.4 ↑
12.73	319.2277b	1.56	hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid	2.5 ↓
16.13	301.2153b	4.43	eicosapentaenoic acid	1.9 ↑
16.22	277.2145b	7.69	linolenic acid	1.8 ↑

^aMany biomarkers can be detected in both ESI+ and ESI− modes.

↑ means up-regulated in the treated group compared with the control group, while ↓ means down-regulated in the treated group compared with the control group.

^bData of compounds are from those detected in ESI- mode while.

^cData were from those in ESI+ mode.

^dMarkers confirmed by standard compounds.