Table 4.
Bivariate and particial correlations between maternal lexical repetition measures (Total Repetition, Novel Context Repetition, Average Repetition, Max Repetition, and Repetition ≥ 3) and language outcome measures (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test [PPVT] and Preschool Language Scale–Fourth Edition [PLS-4]) taken at approximately twenty-four months after cochlear implantation for children with cochlear implants.
| Bivariate correlation |
Partial correlation (controlling for PTA) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language measures (N) | PPVT 15 |
PLS-4 AC 13 |
PLS-4 EC 13 |
PPVT 15 |
PLS-4 AC 13 |
PLS-4 EC 13 |
| 3 months | ||||||
| Total Repetition | –.161 | –.252 | –.415 | –.156 | –.273 | –.413 |
| Novel Repetition | –.117 | –.251 | -.437 | –.114 | –.269 | –.435 |
| Average Repetition | –.162 | –.262 | –.389 | –.224 | –.249 | –.445 |
| Max Repetition | –.182 | –.268 | –.440 | –.211 | –.259 | –.452 |
| Repetition ≥ 3 | –.225 | –.264 | –.410 | –.215 | –.296 | –.411 |
| 6 months | ||||||
| Total Repetition | .551* | .464 | .454 | .594*** | .534*** | .599*** |
| Novel Repetition | .569* | .400 | .387 | .561*** | .476 | .509*** |
| Average Repetition | .508** | .581* | .543*** | .618* | .642* | .706* |
| Max Repetition | .618* | .723** | .685** | .741** | .751** | .785** |
| Repetition ≥ 3 | .579* | .503*** | .427 | .749** | .692* | .738** |
Note. p values were not corrected for multiple correlation due to the exploratory nature of the study and the complementary nature of the repetition properties. PTA = mean unaided pure-tone average before implantation in dB HL; AC = Auditory Comprehension score; PLS-4 EC = Expressive Communication score.
p < .05.
p < .01.
.05 < p < .01 (two-tailed).