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. 2020 May 16;27:100341. doi: 10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100341

Table 2.

Statistics for returns and volatility for epidemic and pandemic times. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) has been classified as an epidemic from its emergence to March 10, 2020. Post-March 10, 2020 it has been classified as Pandemic by as per the World Health Organization.

Daily return
EGARCH volatility
Mean Standard dev Min Max Mean Standard dev Min Max
EPIDEMIC WRLD −0.28% 1.66% −7.44% 3.27% 0.04% 0.07% 0.00% 0.29%
EUR −0.41% 1.49% −6.92% 1.64% 0.49% 2.30% 0.00% 15.51%
USA −0.23% 2.04% −7.99% 4.77% 0.06% 0.11% 0.00% 0.57%
ASIA −0.23% 1.07% −4.17% 1.90% 0.01% 0.02% 0.00% 0.06%
ITL −0.53% 2.09% −11.01% 2.41% 0.48% 2.10% 0.01% 13.21%
SPN −0.47% 1.70% −7.88% 1.76% 0.29% 1.33% 0.01% 8.87%
CHN −0.08% 1.47% −4.44% 2.81% 0.04% 0.04% 0.00% 0.18%
GER −0.44% 1.53% −7.15% 1.49% 0.04% 0.06% 0.00% 0.19%
FRA −0.46% 1.57% −7.52% 1.69% 0.03% 0.04% 0.00% 0.16%
KOR −0.25% 2.02% −5.61% 3.83% 0.05% 0.04% 0.01% 0.15%
SWZ −0.20% 1.29% −4.58% 2.08% 0.53% 3.43% 0.01% 24.03%
UK −0.52% 1.58% −7.60% 1.57% 0.04% 0.05% 0.00% 0.21%
BC 0.22% 3.84% −15.07% 6.96% 0.19% 0.26% 0.03% 1.07%
WTI −1.15% 5.89% −38.83% 9.87% 1.75% 8.81% 0.00% 62.11%
GLD 0.17% 0.95% −3.78% 2.59% 0.02% 0.01% 0.01% 0.04%
Trsry 0.16% 0.54% −2.05% 1.82% 0.26% 0.44% 0.06% 2.36%
S&P 0.08% 0.36% −1.74% 0.81% 0.15% 0.17% 0.05% 0.86%

Daily return
EGARCH volatility
Mean Standard dev Min Max Mean Standard dev Min Max

PANDEMIC WRLD −2.72% 5.97% −10.44% 5.75% 0.29% 0.10% 0.18% 0.48%
EUR −2.42% 5.44% −14.06% 1.81% 276.49% 778.65% 0.06% 2203.55%
USA −2.83% 7.43% −12.92% 8.71% 0.41% 0.26% 0.21% 0.93%
ASIA −2.11% 2.40% −5.19% 2.75% 0.07% 0.02% 0.05% 0.09%
ITL −2.27% 8.13% −20.54% 6.60% 0.26% 0.54% 0.01% 1.58%
SPN −2.41% 7.26% −17.22% 5.32% 0.25% 0.35% 0.01% 1.03%
CHN −1.54% 3.33% −6.09% 3.79% 0.05% 0.04% 0.01% 0.10%
GER −2.85% 5.98% −15.09% 3.69% 0.20% 0.04% 0.14% 0.27%
FRA −2.48% 6.44% −14.90% 5.12% 0.30% 0.06% 0.21% 0.39%
KOR −3.18% 5.90% −11.00% 10.05% 0.28% 0.11% 0.14% 0.44%
SWZ −1.50% 4.46% −11.33% 3.91% 4.12% 11.34% 0.01% 32.17%
UK −2.90% 5.35% −14.21% 1.26% 0.16% 0.04% 0.11% 0.22%
BC −3.66% 14.25% −31.57% 15.83% 0.19% 0.26% 0.03% 1.07%
WTI −3.53% 13.69% −27.99% 21.36% 1.75% 8.81% 0.00% 62.11%
GLD −1.34% 2.32% −4.88% 2.45% 0.02% 0.01% 0.01% 0.04%
Trsry −0.14% 1.41% −2.10% 1.74% 0.26% 0.44% 0.06% 2.36%
S&P −1.70% 1.20% −3.42% 0.73% 0.15% 0.17% 0.05% 0.86%