Fig. 1.

A salamander with ballistic tongue projection, Hydromantes platycephalus, capturing prey at 12 °C and 24 °C. The brief time to project the tongue using elastic recoil (green, P) is similar at two temperatures, while the time to retract the tongue (gold, R) using muscle shortening takes significantly longer at 12 °C than at 24 °C. Time in milliseconds relative to the start of tongue projection at time 0 is shown for each image pair. Note the time step between images is the same for 12 °C and 24 °C, and is greater during retraction (columns on right). (Scale bar, 1 cm.) Adapted with permission from ref. 21.