Table 1.

Parameter estimates for the COVID-19 epidemics in China.

Parameter		Definition	Value	Source
$c\left(t\right)$	$c_0$	Contact rate at the initial time	14.781	[11]
	$c_b$	Minimum contact rate with control strategies	2.0	Estimated
	$r_c$	Exponential decreasing rate of contact rate	0.1	Estimated
$\beta$		Transmission probability from $I$ to $S$ per contact	0.18	Estimated
$q\left(t\right)$	$q_0$	Quarantined rate at the initial time	$1.0\times 10^{-4}$	[12]
	$q_b$	Maximum quarantined rate with control strategies	0.9	Estimated
	$r_q$	Exponential increasing rate of quarantined rate	0.1	Estimated
${\beta }_A$		Transmission probability from $A$ to $S$ per contact	0.01	Estimated
$m\left(t\right)$	$m_0$	Quarantined rate of susceptible population with fever symptoms at the initial time	$2.0848\times 10^{-4}$	Estimated
	$m_b$	Minimal quarantined rate of susceptibles with fever symptoms	$5.0001\times 10^{-7}$	Estimated
	$r_m$	Exponential decreasing rate of quarantined rate	0.0567	Estimated
$\lambda$		Releasing rate of quarantined susceptibles	$1∕14$	[11]
${\lambda }_f$		Releasing rate of quarantined susceptibles with fever symptoms	0.1	Estimated
$\rho$		Ratio of symptomatic infection	0.5	Estimated
$\sigma$		Transition rate of exposed individuals to the infected class	$1∕5$	[13]
${\delta }_I$		Fast diagnose rate of infected individuals	0.5	Estimated
$1∕\omega \left(t\right)$	$1∕{\omega }_0$	Initial number of detection kits per day	2000	Estimated
	$1∕{\omega }_b$	Maximal number of detection kits per day	$1.0\times 10^{-5}$	Estimated
	$r_{\omega }$	Exponential increasing rate of the number of detection kits	0.885	Estimated
${\gamma }_A$		Recovery rate of asymptotic infected individuals	0.13978	[11]
$\alpha \left(t\right)$	${\alpha }_0$	Disease-induced death rate at the initial time	0.012	Estimated
	${\alpha }_b$	Minimal disease-induced death rate with treatment	0.0012	Estimated
	$r_{\alpha }$	Exponential increasing rate of disease-induced death rate	0.1129	Estimated
${\beta }_f$		Transmission rate from $I_q$ to $S_f$	$3.0\times 10^{-6}$	Estimated
$c_f$		Contact rate of suspected cases	2.0	Estimated
${\sigma }_q$		Transition rate of quarantined exposed individuals to the quarantined infected class	0.2	Estimated
${\delta }_q$		Fast diagnose rate of quarantined individuals	1.0	Estimated
${\gamma }_H\left(t\right)$	${\gamma }_{H0}$	Recovery rate of confirmed individuals at the initial time	0.001	Estimated
	${\gamma }_{Hb}$	Maximal recovery rate of confirmed individuals with treatment	0.15	Estimated
	$r_{\gamma }$	Exponential increasing rate of recovery rate	0.0123	Estimated
Variable		Definition	Initial value	Source
$S$		Susceptible population	$1.5\times 10^7$	Estimated
$E$		Exposed population	8216	Estimated
$I$		Infected symptomatic population	1000	Estimated
$A$		Infected asymptomatic population	1000	Estimated
$S_q$		Quarantined susceptible population	7347	Data
$S_f$		Quarantined susceptible population with fever symptoms	499.9975	Estimated
$E_q$		Quarantined exposed population	100.0003	Estimated
$I_q$		Quarantined infected population	250.0005	Estimated
$H$		Confirmed and hospitalized population	771	Data
$R$		Recovered population	34	Data