Table 2. Comparison of time and costs required in H. pylori detection by 16S rRNA sequencing, PCR, and Giemsa staining.

Each row represents method used in this study with its features related to time needed to receive results and approximate costs.

Method	Time	Costs
16S rRNA gene sequencing	• Results available in 24 h • Initial library preparation required	• Cost highly variable, from very high to significantly decreased if big number of samples are analysed in parallel • Special instruments are needed
Polymerase Chain Reaction	• Results in a few hours	• Relatively low cost, the key is DNA isolation method • standard thermocyclers are sufficient
Giemsa staining during histological assessment	• Typically within days	• No special instruments needed • Low cost reagents