Table 3.

The effects of alternative additive (A) and colistin (C) on ATTD of DM and OM, CP, GE, and the digestible energy of diets fed to pigs in phases I (21 to 35 d), II (36 to 50 d), and III (51 to 65 d)¹

	Diet2					P-value
Item	CON	COL	AA	AACOL	SEM	A	C	A × C
ATTD of DM, %
Phase I	76.3b	78.7ab	79.3a	78.9a	2.3	0.021	0.148	0.048
Phase II	68.3b	75.0a	75.5a	76.8a	2.2	<0.001	<0.001	0.002
Phase III	77.2	76.9	78.7	79.5	3.1	0.009	0.703	0.467
ATTD of OM, %
Phase I	78.8	81.1	81.3	81.2	2.3	0.090	0.136	0.061
Phase II	72.3b	78.2a	78.6a	79.6a	2.3	<0.001	<0.001	0.002
Phase III	80.6	79.8	81.3	82.2	3.2	0.086	0.967	0.342
ATTD of CP, %
Phase I	66.0	71.2	70.3	71.7	2.9	0.038	0.006	0.100
Phase II	59.7b	67.8a	69.5a	70.8a	2.2	<0.001	0.006	0.037
Phase III	74.0	74.4	76.6	76.5	3.0	0.068	0.888	0.844
ATTD of GE, %
Phase I	73.9	76.4	77.5	77.2	2.2	0.011	0.177	0.089
Phase II	65.9b	73.0a	73.9a	74.9a	2.2	<0.001	<0.001	0.003
Phase III	77.0	77.1	78.5	79.4	3.1	0.028	0.548	0.656
Digestible energy, kcal/kg
Phase I	3,049.1	3,137.6	3,207.1	3,208.1	92.5	0.004	0.180	0.190
Phase II	2,639.1b	2,906.8a	2,950.7a	3,002.7a	87.8	<0.001	<0.001	0.008
Phase III	3,020.8	3,061.5	3,059.5	3,133.7	123.0	0.100	0.089	0.610

¹Least-squares means based on nine pen observations per diet.

2CON, control diet; COL, diet containing 40 ppm colistin; AA, diet with 0.3% inclusion of alternative additive composed of benzoic acid and essential oils of eugenol, thymol and piperine; AACOL, diet with 0.3% AA and 40 ppm colistin.

^a,bMeans within a row with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05).