Table 3. Changes in health care access for low-income non-elderly adults in pre-expansion, immediate post-expansion, and late post-expansion periods.

Difference‐in‐differences estimate for expansion states.^∬

	Baseline 2012–2013 (Mean % in expansion states)	Immediate Post-expansion 2014–2015 Difference-in-Differences Estimate (%, 95% CI)	p-value	Late Post-expansion 2016–2017 Difference-in-Differences Estimate (%, 95% CI)	p-value
Healthcare access
Have health care coverage (N = 498,627)	64.1	4.3* (3.1 to 5.6)	<0.001	4.7* (3.4 to 5.9)	<0.001
Have a personal doctor (N = 498,540)	60.9	2.0* (0.7 to 3.3)	0.002	2.7* (1.4 to 4.0)	<0.001
Routine checkup within past year (N = 484,470)	56.8	1.7* (0.4 to 3.0)	0.010	1.9* (0.6 to 3.2)	0.004

^∬Expansion states (n = 24) were Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Washington, West Virginia

Non-expansion states (n = 19) were Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Kansas, Maine, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

Alaska, Louisiana, and Montana were included as non-expansion states for the immediate 2014–2015 time period, and expansion states for the late 2016–2017 time period.

Delaware, District of Columbia, Massachusetts, New York, and Vermont were excluded.

^*Significant at the level p<0.05.