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. 2020 Apr 6;11(4):395. doi: 10.3390/genes11040395

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Molecular models explaining the establishment of floral symmetry in different plant families. The key factors belong to the TCP (CYC) and MYB (DIV, DRIF, RAD) TF families. The molecular pathways established in different species vary in relation to the symmetry type of the flower. Within the Plantaginaceae family, two examples illustrate the regulative network when the flower has dorsoventral asymmetry (A, A. majus) or radial symmetry (C, P. lanceolata). B) The molecular pathway that drives the radial symmetry of the Conandron ramondioides flower (Gesneriaceae). D) The complex symmetry of the ray and disc florets within the capitulum of Senecio vulgaris (Asteraceae). E) The bilateral flower of orchids (Orchidaceae). As a consequence of the resupination, the model is rotated of 180° with respect to that of A. majus.