Table A7.

Pearson correlation coefficients between model parameters and conditional error probabilities as well as participants’ demographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics.

	Healthy Control Participants							Parkinson’s Disease Patients
	${\mathit{\alpha }}_{\mathit{C}}^{+}$	${\mathit{\alpha }}_{\mathit{C}}^{-}$	${\mathit{\gamma }}_{\mathit{C}}$	${\mathit{\alpha }}_{\mathit{S}}^{+}$	${\mathit{\alpha }}_{\mathit{S}}^{-}$	${\mathit{\gamma }}_{\mathit{S}}$	$\mathit{\tau }$	${\mathit{\alpha }}_{\mathit{C}}^{+}$	${\mathit{\alpha }}_{\mathit{C}}^{-}$	${\mathit{\gamma }}_{\mathit{C}}$	${\mathit{\alpha }}_{\mathit{S}}^{+}$	${\mathit{\alpha }}_{\mathit{S}}^{-}$	${\mathit{\gamma }}_{\mathit{S}}$	$\mathit{\tau }$
Perseveration errors	−0.55 **	−0.92 ***	−0.66 ***	−0.32	0.34	0.08	0.52 **	−0.63 *	−0.91 ***	−0.44	0.34	0.54	0.30	0.63 *
Set-loss Errors	−0.94 ***	−0.70 ***	−0.61 ***	−0.21	0.07	−0.04	0.80 ***	−0.96 ***	−0.69 **	−0.57 *	0.67 *	0.22	0.30	0.88 ***
Age (years)	−0.40 *	−0.30	−0.35	−0.06	−0.06	0.15	0.42 *	−0.50	−0.42	−0.46	0.39	−0.02	0.32	0.42
Education (years)	0.16	0.07	−0.03	−0.05	0.10	−0.21	−0.05	0.62 *	0.34	0.40	−0.54	−0.18	−0.05	−0.55
Disease duration (years)								−0.47	−0.10	−0.05	0.51	−0.03	0.09	0.33
UPDRS III ‘on’								−0.18	0.20	0.02	0.14	−0.41	−0.20	0.24
UPDRS III ‘off’								−0.20	0.47	0.32	0.14	−0.14	−0.06	0.19
LEDD								−0.29	−0.01	0.06	0.23	−0.23	−0.24	0.19
MoCA (cognitive status)	0.42 *	0.34	0.23	−0.21	0.17	0.12	−0.39	0.03	0.45	0.16	0.00	−0.05	−0.11	−0.16
WST (premorbid intelligence)	0.33	0.28	0.21	0.07	0.01	−0.08	−0.40	0.36	0.31	0.15	0.02	0.15	0.09	−0.43
AES (apathy)	−0.14	−0.14	−0.03	−0.21	0.04	0.10	0.02	−0.50	0.08	0.05	0.10	−0.32	−0.02	0.48
BDI-II (depression)	−0.14	−0.21	−0.21	−0.04	0.18	−0.05	0.09	−0.02	0.41	0.19	−0.37	−0.38	−0.17	0.04
BSI-18 (psychiatric status)	−0.23	−0.22	−0.26	−0.13	0.07	−0.02	0.16	−0.38	−0.11	−0.25	0.20	0.15	0.52	0.27
Anxiety	−0.24	−0.17	−0.23	−0.15	0.11	0.11	0.18	−0.02	0.05	−0.14	−0.14	0.08	0.35	−0.07
Depression	−0.18	−0.22	−0.23	−0.09	0.05	−0.20	0.08	−0.50	−0.20	−0.32	0.03	0.03	0.23	0.40
Somatization	−0.21	−0.20	−0.25	−0.11	0.06	0.07	0.17	−0.39	−0.11	−0.20	0.39	0.19	0.60 *	0.29
SF-36 (health status)	0.23	0.31	0.26	0.06	−0.04	−0.03	−0.26	0.28	−0.11	0.22	−0.13	0.24	−0.41	−0.19
Physical functioning	0.21	0.20	0.16	0.19	0.02	0.01	−0.22	0.14	−0.32	−0.03	−0.31	0.00	−0.48	−0.06
Physical role functioning	0.23	0.41 *	0.29	0.11	−0.07	−0.03	−0.29	−0.02	−0.40	−0.02	−0.11	0.45	−0.28	0.07
Bodily pain	0.25	0.29	0.23	0.26	−0.17	−0.20	−0.23	0.27	0.15	0.47	−0.29	−0.12	−0.44	−0.13
General health perception	0.24	0.30	0.27	0.16	−0.10	−0.21	−0.31	0.23	−0.05	0.15	−0.23	0.18	−0.58	−0.20
Vitality	0.03	0.00	0.03	−0.06	−0.04	0.01	−0.06	0.18	−0.24	−0.03	−0.02	0.30	−0.30	−0.18
Social role functioning	0.29	0.31	0.18	0.04	−0.05	0.00	−0.24	0.22	−0.18	−0.22	0.27	0.47	0.25	−0.25
Emotional role functioning	0.10	0.22	0.21	−0.14	0.05	0.07	−0.10	0.35	0.25	0.34	0.19	0.01	0.14	−0.32
Mental health	0.14	0.17	0.21	−0.15	0.07	0.05	−0.16	0.19	0.12	0.25	0.17	0.27	−0.13	−0.12
BIS-brief (impulsiveness)	−0.17	−0.17	−0.07	−0.17	0.06	0.22	0.08	−0.12	0.45	−0.02	−0.05	−0.24	−0.03	−0.01
DII (impulsivity)
Functional	0.03	0.06	0.09	0.04	−0.07	0.06	0.13	−0.06	−0.31	−0.26	0.18	0.06	−0.21	0.04
Dysfunctional	−0.23	−0.11	−0.01	0.06	−0.19	−0.04	0.30	−0.19	0.28	−0.03	−0.22	−0.27	−0.32	0.10
QUIP-RS (impulse control)	−0.03	0.23	0.27	0.02	−0.14	−0.23	−0.04	0.13	0.45	0.37	−0.11	−0.08	0.07	−0.17
SPQ (schizotypal traits)	−0.12	−0.27	−0.12	−0.33	0.30	−0.04	0.03	−0.28	0.04	0.00	−0.26	0.01	−0.21	0.26
Interpersonal	−0.14	−0.33	−0.15	−0.25	0.16	0.00	0.09	−0.31	0.07	0.10	−0.11	0.11	0.16	0.29
Cognitive-perceptual	0.10	0.17	0.12	−0.15	0.49 **	0.00	−0.24	0.05	0.11	0.09	−0.33	0.10	−0.49	−0.05
Disorganized	−0.19	−0.35	−0.20	−0.38	0.11	−0.13	0.13	−0.34	−0.10	−0.21	−0.19	−0.19	−0.27	0.33

Individual-level model parameters were computed as modes of posterior distributions obtained from Equation (A13). Posterior distributions of individual-level model parameters and conditional error probabilities were pooled across session (and medication) effects. Disease duration was defined as the difference between the year of testing and the year of Parkinson’s disease symptom onset in the medical records; UPDRS III = Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-part III; LEDD = Levodopa Equivalent Daily Dosage (mg per day) [102]; MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment [67]; WST = Wortschatztest [103]; AES = Apathy Evaluation Scale [104]; BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory-II [105]; BSI- 18 = Brief Symptom Inventory (18-item version) [106]; SF-36 = Short Form Health Survey [107]; BIS-Brief = Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (8-item version) [108]; DII = Dickman Impulsivity Inventory [109]; QUIP-RS = Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease—Rating Scale [110]; SPQ = Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire [111]; * substantial evidence; ** strong evidence; *** extreme evidence.