Table 5.
Percentage of free-living older men with mineral intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or Adequate Intake (AI) and therefore at increased risk for inadequacy. Mineral intakes are presented as mean + SD. Individual study data and percentage of the free-living population at risk for inadequacy, trace mineral intakes among older men.
| Reference | Country | Subject (n) |
Iron (Mean ± SD) % EAR: 6 mg/day |
Zinc (Mean ± SD) % EAR: 9.4 mg/day |
Selenium (Mean ± SD) % EAR: 45 μg/day |
Iodine (Mean ± SD) % EAR: 95 μg/day |
Copper (Mean ± SD) % EAR: 0.7 mg/day |
Molybdenum (Mean ± SD) % EAR: 34 μg/day |
Chromium (Mean ± SD) AI: 30 μg/day |
Manganese (Mean ± SD) AI: 2.3 mg/day |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Wyka et al. [11]) | Poland | 64 | (10.3 ± 7) 27% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| (Jiménez-Redondo et al. [13]) | Spain | 30 | (10.8 ± 3.0) 5% | (7.3 ± 2.1) 84% | (76.5 ± 29.5) 14% | - | - | - | - | - |
| (Engelheart and Akner [14]) | Sweden | 52 | (9 ± 3) 15% | (9 ± 2) 58% | (34 ± 13) 80% | - | - | - | - | - |
| (Roussel et al. [15]) | France | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | (35.18 ± 10.88) | - |
| (Feart et al. [19]) | France | 607 | (13.3 ± 6.2) 12% | (7.0 ± 5.3) 67% | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| (Martínez Tomé et al. [20]) | Spain | 83 | (16.4 ± 5.3) 3% | (10.4 ± 3.3) 38% | - | - | (1.1 ± 0.4) 16% | - | - | (3.2 ± 1) |
| (Ocke et al. [21]) | The Netherlands | 373 | (11.4 ± 4.2) 10% | (11.1 ± 3.6) 32% | (49 ± 21) 42% | (172.2 ± 55) 8% | (1.2 ± 0.5) 16% | - | - | - |
| (Sette et al. [22]) | Italy | 202 | (13.2 ± 3.8) 3% | (12.2 ± 3.2) 19% | - | - | - | - | - | |
| (Biró et al. [23]) | Hungary | 270 | (11.1 ± 3.0) 4% | (8.8 ± 2.5) 59% | - | - | (1.1 ± 0.4) 16% | - | (59.5 ± 24.3) | (2.4 ± 0.8) |
| (National Diet and Nutrition Survey [24]) | UK | 141 | (10.6 ± 3.3) 8% | (8.8 ± 2.7) 59% | (50 ± 2) 41% | (186 ± 84) 14% | - | - | - | - |
| (USDA et al. [25]) | USA | 418 | (16.2 ± 19.8) 30% | (11.7 ± 11.7) 42% | (107.9 ± 104.9) 27% | - | (1.2 ± 1) 31% | - | - | - |
| (NANS [26]) | Ireland | 106 | (11.7 ± 4.6) 11% | (9.4 ± 3.1) 50% | - | - | (1.1 ± 0.5) 21% | - | (4 ± 1) | |
| MEAN (total)) STANDARD DEVIATION (total) PERCENTAGE BELOW EAR (total) |
12.9 9.4 13% |
9.6 6.1 49% |
73.5 69.4 37% |
176 64.2 10% |
1.16 0.69 21% |
- -- |
59.1 24.1 - |
2.9 0.8 - |
||
EAR: Estimated average requirement, n: Sample size, %: Potential inadequacy (percentage of population who below the estimated average requirement), AI: Adequate intake.