Table 7.
Individual study data and percentage of institutionalised older adults at risk for inadequacy for trace minerals in men.
| Reference | Country | Subject (n) |
Iron (Mean ± SD) % EAR: 6 mg/day |
Zinc (Mean ± SD) % EAR: 9.4 mg/day |
Selenium (Mean ± SD) % EAR: 45 μg/day |
Iodine (Mean ± SD) % EAR: 95 μg/day |
Copper (Mean ± SD) % EAR: 0.7 mg/day |
Molybdenum (Mean ± SD) % EAR: 34 μg/day |
Chromium (Mean ± SD) AI: 30 μg/day |
Manganese (Mean ± SD) AI: 2.3 mg/day |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (González et al. [27]) | Spain | 80 | - | - | (107.1 ± 32.2) 3% | - | - | - | - | - |
| (Rakıcıoğlu et al. [28]) | Turkey | 57 | (12.5 ± 4.5) 7% | (11.2 ± 4.1) 33% | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| (Fernández-Barrés et al. [29]) | Spain | 62 | (7.4 ± 2.5) 29% | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| (Woods et al. [30]) | Australia | 23 | (10.8 ± 4.1) 12% | (8.7 ± 2.2) 63% | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| (Iuliano et al. [31]) | Australia | 48 | (9.7 ± 3.9) 17% | (8.8 ± 2.5) 59% | - | (114.7 ± 34.1) 28% | - | - | - | - |
| (Lengyel et al. [32]) | Canada | 17 | (12.2 ± 3.3) 3% | (7.5 ± 2.3) 80% | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| (Lopez-Contreras et al. [33]) | Spain | 101 | (13.6 ± 4.4) 4% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| (Leslie et al. [34]) | UK | 14 | - | (6.2 ± 1.8) 96% | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| (Aghdassi et al. [35]) | Canada | 108 | (11.1 ± 3.5) 7% | (8.5 ± 2.4) 65% | - | - | (1.1 ± 0.5) 21% | - | - | - |
| (Engelheart and Akner [14]) | Sweden | 35 | (8 ± 2) 16% | (9 ± 3) 55% | (30 ± 9) 95% | - | - | - | - | |
| (Rodríguez-Rejón et al. [36]) | Spain | 62 | (8 ± 1.73) 12% | (6.35 ± 1.81) 95% | (51.78 ± 20.16) 37% | (32.66 ± 28.66) 98% | (0.8 ± 0.2) 31% | - | - | - |
| (Assis et al. [37]) | Brazil | 59 | (12.52 ± 2.38) 0.3% | (8.44 ± 2.1) 68% | (70.59 ± 18) 8% | - | - | - | - | - |
| MEAN (total)) STANDARD DEVIATION (total) PERCENTAGE BELOW EAR (total) |
10.8 11.9 10% |
8.5 2.6 66% |
72 23.5 27% |
68.4 31.1 67% |
0.99 0.17 25% |
- | - | - | ||
EAR: Estimated average requirement, n: Sample size %: Potential inadequacy (percentage of population who below the estimated average requirement), AI: Adequate intake.