Table 8.
Univariate COX regression for the development of AKI assessed by serum cystatine up to 3 days after TAVR.
| Univariate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| HR | CI 95% | p-Value | |
| Baseline characteristics | |||
| Age | 0.99 | 0.89–1.1 | 0.88 |
| Male Sex | 1 | 0.3–4 | 0.89 |
| EuroScore | 1 | 0.98–1.2 | 0.12 |
| Mehran contrast nephropathy risk score (points) | 1.2 | 0.98–1.5 | 0.074 |
| Mehran Risk Score (%) | 1.1 | 1–1.2 | 0.04 |
| Hypertension | 1 | 0.1–8.8 | 1 |
| Current or past Smoking | 2 | 0.5–8 | 0.29 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 0.88 | 0.24–3.2 | 0.84 |
| Diabetes melitus | 1.6 | 0.4–5.8 | 0.5 |
| BMI | 1 | 0.94–1.1 | 0.47 |
| Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) | 0.19 | 0.04–0.95 | 0.04 |
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs | 0.77 | 0.21–2.8 | 0.69 |
| Furosemide | 1 | 0.99–1 | 0.77 |
| Procedural characteristics | |||
| Length of procedure | 1 | 0.99–1.1 | 0.16 |
| Contrast media volume | 0.99 | 0.99–1 | 0.88 |
| Transfemoral approach | 0.53 | 0.06–5.1 | 0.59 |
| Sapien | 1.3 | 0.33–5.6 | 0.68 |
| Corevalve | 0.82 | 0.2–3.4 | 0.78 |
| Baseline and Day 1 biological parameters | |||
| BNP | |||
| Baseline | 1 | 0.99–1 | 0.73 |
| Day 1 | 1 | 1–1.1 | 0.28 |
| Serum Creatinine | |||
| Baseline | 1 | 0.99–1 | 0.36 |
| Day 1 | 1 | 0.99–1 | 0.1 |
| Serum Cystatin | |||
| Baseline | 1.2 | 0.6–2.2 | 0.59 |
| Day 1 | 1.6 | 1–2.5 | 0.05 |
| Baseline and Day 1 Echocardiography parameters | |||
| Baseline LVEF | 0.97 | 0.93–1 | 0.29 |
| Baseline Mean Aortic Gradient | 0.99 | 0.94–1.1 | 0.72 |
| Right Atrial Pressure (RAP) | |||
| Baseline | 1.1 | 1–1.3 | 0.035 |
| Day 1 | 1.1 | 0.97–1.7 | 0.11 |
| Stroke Volume | |||
| Baseline | 1 | 0.98–1.1 | 0.28 |
| Day 1 | 1 | 0.95–1.1 | 0.77 |
| Cardiac index | |||
| Baseline | 1.6 | 0.82–3.1 | 0.17 |
| Day 1 | 1.1 | 0.51–2.3 | 0.86 |
| Renal doppler parameters | |||
| High Renal Resistive Index (RRI > 0.8) | |||
| Baseline | 0.9 | 0.18–4.8 | 0.935 |
| Day 1 | 6.5 | 1.3–32.9 | 0.021 |
| Renal hemodynamic parameters | |||
| Renal pulse pressure | |||
| Baseline | 1 | 0.98–1.1 | 0.38 |
| Day 1 | 0.98 | 0.93–1 | 0.38 |
| Renal Arterial Load | |||
| Baseline | 1 | 0.85–1.2 | 0.87 |
| Day 1 | 0.97 | 0.78–1.2 | 0.76 |
| High Renal Arterial Compliance (> 0.12) | |||
| Baseline | 1.5 | 0.355–6.337 | 0.581 |
| Day 1 | 1.325 | 0.315–5.565 | 0.701 |
| Systemic hemodynamic parameters | |||
| Valvulo-arterial impedance | |||
| Baseline | 0.93 | 0.56–1.5 | 0.77 |
| Day 1 | 1.3 | 0.96–1.9 | 0.083 |
| Total arterial load | |||
| Baseline | 1 | 0.53–1.9 | 0.95 |
| Day 1 | 1.8 | 0.89–3.6 | 0.099 |
| Pulse Pressure | |||
| Baseline | 1 | 0.99–1.1 | 0.26 |
| Day 1 | 1 | 0.95–1 | 0.85 |
| Systemic arterial compliance | |||
| Baseline | 0.67 | 0.51–8.7 | 0.76 |
| Day 1 | 0.33 | 0.53–2 | 0.23 |
| Resistive arterial load | |||
| Baseline | 1 | 0.99–1 | 0.67 |
| Day 1 | 1 | 0.98–1.01 | 0.14 |
Data are presented as mean ± or n (%). ACE inhibitor = Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AKI = Acute Kidney Injury; ARBs = Angiotensin II receptor blockers; BMI = body mass index; BNP = B-type natriuretic peptide; CI = confidence interval; Cr = creatinine; CRP = C-reactive protein; CysC = Cystatin; EuroSCORE = logistic EuroSCORE predicted risk of mortality at 30 days; HR = Hazard Ratio; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; sCr = serum creatinine; sCyC = serum Cystatin C.