Table 3.
Group 2: baseline patient characteristics, etiology, and source of infection at the end of the clinical work-up.
| Survivor n = 423 (%) |
Non Survivor n = 122 (%) |
p | OR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 242 (42) | 56 (53) | 0.027 | 0.635 (0.423–0.951) |
| Median age | 80 (73–86) | 85 (79–90) | <0.001 | 1.043 (1.021–1.065) |
| Median Charlson index | 3 (1–4) | 3 (2–5) | 0.142 | 1.072 (0.984–1.169) |
| Median SOFA (IQR) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (3–6) | <0.001 | 1.27 (1.16–1.38) |
| Median qSOFA | 1 (1–1) | 2 (1–2) | <0.001 | 2.776 (1.838–4.193) |
| Clinical variable | ||||
| Body Temperature | ||||
| >38°C | 204 (52) | 39 (31) | 0.001 | |
| <36°C | 9 (2) | 16 (13) | <0.001 | 6.943 (2.985–16.149) |
| White blood cell count | ||||
| >12,000/mm3 | 241 (60) | 82 (65) | 0.043 | 1.800 (1234–2626) |
| <4000/mm3 | 18 (4) | 4 (4) | 0.629 | |
| Heart rate>90 bpm | 311 (73) | 109 (80) | 0.095 | 2.167 (1.312–3.580) |
| RR>20/min or pCO2<32 mmHg | 328 (x) | 108 (x) | 0.008 | 2.234 (1.224–4.078) |
| Median biomarker (IQR) | ||||
| C-reactive protein (mg/dl) | 129 (73-209) | 130 (74-209) | 0.039 | 1.369 (1.123–1.644) |
| Lactate (mg/dl) | 14.4 (9.9-20) | 18.3 (12.2-27.2) | 0.007 | 1.863 (1.296–2.680) |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 1.14 (0.36–5.09) | 0.74 (0.26–5.47) | 0.061 | 1.087 (0.934–1.266) |
| MR-proADM (nmol/L) | 1.9 (1.3–3.2) | 3.02 (1.96–5.04) | <0.001 | 3.411 (2.275–5.113) |
| sIL2Rα (pg/ml) | 15130 (9741–25220) | 19446 (12596–31520) | 0.014 | 1.630 (1.246–2.133) |
| Presepsin (pg/mL) | 546 (341–1047) | 781 (446–1423) | 0.023 | 1.545 (1.239–1.926) |
| sTREM-1 (pg/mL) | 418 (280–711) | 619 (405–989) | <0.001 | 2.359 (1.727–3.223) |
| sPLA2GIIA (ng/mL) | 32.3 (27.4–36.3) | 32.2 (28.8–36.5) | 0.692 | 1.187 (0.768–1.834) |
| sTNFR-1 (pg/ml) | 423.5 (320.4–634.0) | 560.61 (388.2–712.6) | <0.001 | 3.164 (1.946–5.143) |
| Source of infection | ||||
| Single source | 399 (94) | 98 (80) | 0.001 | |
| LRTI | 240 (56) | 71 (58) | 0.024 | |
| Non LRTI | 159 (38) | 27 (22) | 0.092 | |
| Multiple source | 24 (6) | 24 (20) | <0.001 | |
| Etiology of infection | ||||
| Clinically documented | 261 (61) | 80 (66) | 0.345 | |
| Microbiologically documented | 174 (41) | 51 (41) | 0.932 | |
| Monomicrobial | 144 (34) | 39 (31) | 0.669 | |
| Bacterial | 133 (31) | 41 (34) | 0.814 | |
| Gram positive | 44 (10) | 19 (15) | 0.002 | |
| Gram negative | 77 (18) | 11 (15) | 0.037 | |
| Non bacterial | 10 (2) | 1 (0) | 0.307 | |
| Polymicrobial | 30 (7) | 12 (1) | 0.317 | |
| BSI | 70 (16) | 29 (24) | 0.365 | |
| Non BSI | 106 (25) | 25 (20) | 0.298 |
Abbreviations: OR= odds ratio, IQR= interquartile range, SOFA= sequential organ failure assessment, qSOFA=quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment, RR=respiratory rate, LRTI=lower respiratory tract infections, BSI=blood stream infections, MR-proADM=mid-regional proadrenomedullin, sIL2Rα=soluble IL-2 receptor α, sTREM-1=soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1, sPLA2GIIA= soluble phospholipase A2 group IIA, and sTNFR-1-= soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR-1). Data are n° (%) unless otherwise specified.