Table 3.
Results of non-randomized human intervention studies.
| Author, Year | Outcomes Evaluated | Mean (SD) Baseline 25OHD (nmol/L) | Mean (SD) Endline 25OHD (nmol/L) | Mean (SD) Baseline BP (mmHg) | Mean (SD) Endline BP (mmHg) | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ashraf, 2011 [25] | Serum 25OHD: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry | 26.4 (10.9) | 63.6 (30.2) (p < 0.001) |
SBP: 123 (14) DBP: 65 (9) |
SBP: 118 (15) (p: 0.41) DBP: 64 (8) (p: 0.72) |
NS change in SBP and DBP |
| SBP and DBP: automated blood pressure cuff appropriate for arm size (number of measurements: NR) | ||||||
| Javed, 2015 [26] | Serum 25OHD: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry | 55.9 (12.2) | 86.9 (16.7) (p < 0.001) | NR | NR | NS change in SBP and DBP |
| SBP and DBP: average of 2 measures by aneroid sphygmomanometer with the participant’s arm supported and positioned at the level of the heart taken after >10 minute rest | ||||||
| Khayyatzadeh, 2018 [27] | Serum 25OHD: electrochemi-luminescence | Total: 23.6 (22.04) Deficient: 17.2 (9.4) Insufficient: 60.07 (8.1) Sufficient: 99.5 (22.2) |
Total: 90.9 (38.6) (p < 0.001) Deficient: 89.1 (37.7) (p < 0.001) Insufficient: 99.9 (46.9) (p < 0.001) Sufficient: 116.1 (36.6) (p < 0.001) |
SBP: Total: 96.4 (14.2) Deficient: 96.6 (14.2) Insufficient: 98.3 (14.3) Sufficient: 98.8 (11.2) |
SBP: Total: 96.8 (14.5) (p = 0.63 in adjusted model) Deficient: 97.1 (14.6) (p = 0.48) Insufficient: 98.2 (13.1) (p = 0.77) Sufficient: 95.6 (14.2) (p = 0.05) |
Significant reduction in DBP and NS change in SBP |
| SBP and DBP: standard procedure (procedure not detailed) | DBP: Total: 62.3 (13.4) Deficient: 62.5 (13.05) Insufficient: 64.5 (12.8) Sufficient: 66.05 (10.4) |
DBP: Total: 60.0 (12.9) (p = 0.03 in adjusted model) Deficient: 60.7 (13.01) (p = 0.005) Insufficient: 60.9 (10.5) (p < 0.001) Sufficient: 61.9 (12.7) (p = 0.002) |
SD: standard deviation; BP: blood pressure; 25OHD: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; NS: not significant; NR: not reported; IU: international units.