CMP	Chronic musculoskeletal pain
CNS	Central nervous system
CS	Central sensitization
CSI	Central sensitization inventory
CSP	Chronic spinal pain
CSQ-8	Client satisfaction questionnaire
EG	Experimental group
HRQL	Health-related quality of life
PC	Primary care
PCS	Pain catastrophizing scale
PE	Physical exercise
PNE	Pain neuroscience education
PPTs	Pain pressure thresholds
RMDQ	Roland–Morris disability questionnaire
TSK-11	Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-11
VAS	Visual analogue scale