Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Variable | All Patients (n = 61) |
ATTRwt (n = 35) |
AL (n = 26) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical parameters | ||||
| Age, years (IQR) | 74.0 (66.5–78.0) | 75.0 (73.0–82.0) | 68.0 (54.8–74.3) | <0.001 |
| Sex, male gender, n (%) | 38.0 (62.3) | 28.0 (80.0) | 10.0 (38.5) | 0.001 |
| NYHA functional class ≥ III, n (%) | 30.0 (49.2) | 14 (40.0) | 16.0 (61.5) | 0.027 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (IQR) | 118 (112–139) | 122 (114–135) | 117 (103–142) | 0.431 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (IQR) | 68.0 (61.0–78.0) | 67.0 (61.0–74.5) | 70.0 (63.8–78.3) | 0.521 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL (IQR) | 3552 (1501–7357) |
2368 (1331–5834) |
4900 (2045–10571) |
0.020 |
| Troponin t, ng/mL (IQR) | 0.07 (0.03–0.12) | 0.07 (0.03–0.10) | 0.07 (0.03–0.21) | 0.611 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 (IQR) | 58.4 (43.8–74.8) | 56.4 (43.5–79.6) | 61.2 (46.2–71.3) | 0.838 |
| Combined endpoint, n (%) | 30.0 (49.2) | 10.0 (28.6) | 20.0 (76.9) | <0.001 |
| Medication | ||||
| Beta Blocker, n (%) | 34.0 (55.7) | 19.0 (54.3) | 15.0 (57.7) | 0.889 |
| ACE inhibitor, n (%) | 14.0 (23.0) | 8.0 (22.9) | 6.0 (23.1) | 0.967 |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker, n (%) | 17.0 (27.9) | 11.0 (31.4) | 6.0 (23.1) | 0.429 |
| Epigallocatechin gallate, n (%) | 20.0 (32.8) | 20.0 (57.1) | 0.0 (0.0) | n.a |
| Tafamidis, n (%) | 2.0 (3.3) | 2.0 (5.7) | 0.0 (0.0) | n.a |
| Daratumumab, n (%) | 5.0 (8.2) | 0.0 (0.0) | 5.0 (19.2) | n.a |
| Lenalidomide, n (%) | 1.0 (1.6) | 0.0 (0.0) | 1.0 (3.8) | n.a |
| Thalidomide, n (%) | 2.0 (3.3) | 0.0 (0.0) | 2.0 (7.7) | n.a |
| Bortezomib, n (%) | 14.0 (23.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 14.0 (53.8) | n.a |
| Cyclophosphamide, (%) | 8.0 (13.1) | 0.0 (0.0) | 8.0 (30.8) | n.a |
| Dexamethasone, n (%) | 14.0 (23.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 14.0 (53.8) | n.a |
| Rituximab, n (%) | 1.0 (1.6) | 0.0 (0.0) | 1.0 (3.8) | n.a |
| Bendamustine, n (%) | 1.0 (1.6) | 0.0 (0.0) | 1.0 (3.8) | n.a |
| No diuretic agents, n (%) | 12.0 (19.7) | 8.0 (22.9) | 4.0 (15.4) | 0.434 |
| One diuretic agent, n (%) | 13.0 (21.3) | 10.0 (28.6) | 3.0 (11.5) | 0.096 |
| Two diuretic agents, n (%) | 28.0 (45.9) | 13.0 (37.1) | 15.0 (57.7) | 0.134 |
| Three diuretic agents, n (%) | 7.0 (11.5) | 3 (8.6) | 4.0 (15.4) | 0.433 |
| Invasive hemodynamic parameters | ||||
| Mean pulmonary arterial pressure, mmHg (IQR) | 30.0 (25.5–36.5) | 30.0 (26.0–34.0) | 32.0 (25.0–43.0) | 0.296 |
| Right atrial pressure, mmHg (IQR) | 11.0 (7.3–16.8) | 11.0 (7.8–16.0) | 11.5 (7.0–18.0) | 0.654 |
| Pulmonary artery wedge pressure, mmHg (IQR) | 20.0 (16.5–24.0) | 19.0 (16.0–22.0) | 20.5 (16.8–29.3) | 0.201 |
| Cardiac index, L/min/m2 (IQR) | 2.4 (1.9–2.8) | 2.4 (2.0–2.7) | 2.4 (1.8–3.1) | 0.941 |
| Stroke volume index, mL/m2 (IQR) | 30.7 (25.2–41.6) | 31.4 (24.4–42.3) | 30.3 (25.9–40.2) | 0.835 |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance, dyn·s·cm−5 (IQR) | 180 (129–266) | 181 (128–300) | 166 (126–264) | 0.726 |
| Diastolic pressure gradient, mmHg (IQR) | 1.0 (−1.0–3.8) | 2.0 (−1.0–4.3) | 0.0 (−1.3–3.0) | 0.217 |
| Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging parameters | ||||
| MOLLI-ECV, % (IQR) | 47.2 (41.0–55.9) | 48.0 (41.1–55.6) | 45.8 (39.6–65.4) | 0.860 |
| Left atrial area, cm2 (IQR) | 31.5 (26.0–37.3) | 32.5 (27.8–38.8) | 30.0 (24.0–31.0) | 0.185 |
| Right atrial area, cm2 (IQR) | 29.0 (24.0–38.0) | 33.0 (27.8–39.5) | 25.5 (24.0–31.0) | 0.010 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % (IQR) | 57.5 (50.0–66.3) | 55.6 (49.0–60.5) | 62.5 (52.3–67.0) | 0.077 |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, ml/m2 (IQR) | 66.1 (56.5–85.0) | 81.6 (64.9–91.5) | 60.1 (45.9–72.3) | 0.001 |
| Interventricular septum, mm (IQR) | 19.0 (15.5–22.0) | 20.0 (16.0–23.0) | 17.0 (13.0–20.0) | 0.040 |
| Right ventricular ejection fraction, % (IQR) | 48.0 (41.0–61.5) | 48.0 (38.0–60.5) | 52.0 (42.0–62.0) | 0.629 |
| Right ventricular end-diastolic volume index, mL/m2 (IQR) | 78.5 (64.0–96.7) | 82.8 (66.7–100) | 72.3 (62.1–94.0) | 0.133 |
| Transthorathic echocardiography parameters | ||||
| Significant aortic valve stenosis, n (%) | 1.0 (1.6) | 1.0 (2.9) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.378 |
| Significant aortic valve regurgitation, n (%) | 1.0 (1.6) | 1.0 (2.9) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.378 |
| Significant mitral valve stenosis, n (%) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | n.a |
| Significant mitral valve regurgitation, n (%) | 20.0 (32.8) | 12.0 (34.3) | 8.0 (30.8) | 0.713 |
Wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRwt); light-chain amyloidosis (AL); interquartile range (IQR); New York Heart Association (NYHA); N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP); estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE); modified Look–Locker inversion recovery sequence derived extracellular volume (MOLLI-ECV). Valvular stenosis or regurgitation ≥ moderate was considered significant; n.a indicates not applicable. Bold indicates statistical significance.