Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of HFpEF patients according to ID.
| Overall N = 447 |
Iron Deficiency N = 325 (73%) |
No iron Deficiency N = 122 (27%) |
p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 75.7 ± 9.2 | 75.7 ± 8.7 | 75.9 ± 10.3 | 0.84 |
| Female sex | 264 (59.1) | 202 (62.2) | 62 (50.8) | 0.039 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.1 ± 6.2 | 29.4 ± 6.3 | 28.5 ± 6.0 | 0.19 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 128.4 ± 21.8 | 127.9 ± 20.6 | 131.6 ± 24.4 | 0.10 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 73.7 ± 14.4 | 74.0 ± 14.6 | 73.4 ± 14.1 | 0.71 |
| LVEF (%) | 62.1 ± 7.8 | 62.8 ± 7.9 | 60.7 ± 7.3 | 0.011 |
| Ischemic etiology of CHF | 100 (22.4) | 77 (23.7) | 23 (18.9) | 0.33 |
| NYHA functional class | ||||
| I | 47 (10.5) | 31 (9.5) | 16 (13.1) | 0.36 |
| II | 193 (43.2) | 143 (44.0) | 50 (40.9) | 0.64 |
| III | 166 (37.1) | 122 (37.5) | 44 (36.1) | 0.86 |
| IV | 38 (8.5) | 27 (8.3) | 11 (9.0) | 0.96 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 391 (87.5) | 290 (89.2) | 101 (82.8) | 0.09 |
| COPD | 93 (20.8) | 67 (20.6) | 26 (21.3) | 0.98 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 221 (49.4) | 175 (53.8) | 46 (37.7) | 0.003 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 282 (63.1) | 208 (64.0) | 74 (60.7) | 0.59 |
| Anemia | 249 (55.7) | 195 (60.0) | 54 (44.3) | 0.004 |
| Dependency | 142 (31.8) | 112 (34.6) | 30 (24.6) | 0.16 |
| Medications | ||||
| ACEIs or ARBs | 300 (67.1) | 212 (65.2) | 88 (72.1) | 0.20 |
| Beta-blockers | 352 (78.7) | 261 (80.3) | 91 (74.6) | 0.24 |
| MRAs | 50 (11.2) | 34 (10.5) | 16 (13.1) | 0.61 |
| Digoxin | 71 (15.9) | 46 (14.2) | 25 (20.5) | 0.14 |
| Loop diuretics | 411 (91.9) | 293 (90.2) | 118 (96.7) | 0.038 |
| Statins | 249 (55.7) | 187 (57.5) | 62 (50.8) | 0.24 |
| Antiplatelets | 155 (34.7) | 115 (35.4) | 40 (32.8) | 0.69 |
| Anticoagulants | 260 (58.2) | 186 (57.2) | 74 (60.7) | 0.58 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.26 ± 1.89 | 11.91 ± 1.76 | 12.86 ± 2.03 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 55.29 ± 23.78 | 54.08 ± 23.76 | 58.06 ± 23.33 | 0.11 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 141 (70.5–285.0) | 99 (55.0–219.0) | 274.5 (178.75–423) | <0.001 |
| Transferrin (mg/dL) | 248.02 ± 51.58 | 256.10 ± 53.31 | 226.57 ± 39.49 | <0.001 |
| Serum iron (pg/dL) | 61.80 ± 32.90 | 50.83 ± 24.81 | 91.02 ± 34.01 | <0.001 |
| TSAT (%) | 18.61 ± 11.17 | 14.42 ± 6.18 | 29.74 ± 13.60 | <0.001 |
| Ferritin index | 0.95 ± 0.71 | 1.06 ± 0.78 | 0.62 ± 0.27 | <0.001 |
| sTfR (mg/L) | 1.92 ± 1.58 | 2.07 ± 1.79 | 1.51 ± 0.66 | <0.001 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 1284 (678–2876) | 1304 (685.5–2827.5) | 1108.5 (642–3303.5) | 0.50 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 1.66 ± 2.35 | 1.82 ± 2.57 | 1.23 ± 1.58 | 0.004 |
Data presented as mean ± SD, N (%) or median (interquartile range). ACEI (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor), ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker), BMI (body mass index), BP (blood pressure), CHF (chronic heart failure), COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate), HFpEF (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction), ID (iron deficiency), LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction), MRA (mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist), NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide), NYHA (New York Heart Association), sTfR (serum soluble transferrin receptor), TSAT (transferrin saturation). Dependency defined as Barthel test score <90 points.