Table 1.
Classification of Coronaviridae according to the International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), with special emphasis on reservoir host, zoonotic importance, and major epidemics.
| Family | Subfamily | Genus | Subgenus | Species | Abbreviations | Accession Numbers | Reservoir Host | Zoonotic [39] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coronaviridae | Letovirinae | Alphaletovirus | Milecovirus | Microhyla letovirus 1 | No | |||
| Orthocoronavirinae | Alphacoronavirus | Colacovirus | Bat coronavirus CDPHE15 | BtCoV-CDPHE15 | NC_022103.1 | Bats | No | |
| Decacovirus | Bat coronavirus HKU10 | BtCoV-HKU10 | NC_018871.1 | Bats | No | |||
| Rhinolophus ferrumeguinum alphacoronavirus HuB-2013 | BtRfCoV-HuB13 | KJ473807.1 | Bats | No | ||||
| Duvinacovirus | Human coronavirus 229E | HCoV-229E | NC_002645.1 | Human | No | |||
| Luchacovirus | Lucheng Rn rat coronavirus | LRNV | NC_032730.1 | Rats | No | |||
| Minacovirus | Ferret coronavirus | FRCoV | NC_030292.1 | Ferrets | No | |||
| Mink coronavirus 1 | MCoV | NC_023760.1 | Minks | No | ||||
| Minunacovirus | Miniopetrus batcoronavirus 1 | BtMiCoV-1 | EU420138.1 | Bats | No | |||
| Miniopetrus batcoronavirus HKU8 | BtMiCoV-HKU8 | EU420139.1 | Bats | No | ||||
| Mytacovirus | Myotis ricketti alphacoronavirus Sax-2011 | BtMy-Sax11 | NC_028811.1 | Bats | No | |||
| Nyctacovirus | Nyctalus velutinus alphacoronavirus SC-2013 | BtNy-Sc13 | NC_028833.1 | Bats | No | |||
| Pedacovirus | Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus | PEDV | NC_003436.1 | Pigs | No | |||
| Scotophilus bat coronavirus 512 | BtScCoV-512 | NC_009657.1 | Bats | |||||
| Rhinacovirus | Rhinolophus bat coronavirus HKU2 | BtRhCoV-HKU2 (SADS) | NC_009988.1 | Bats and pigs | Yes | |||
| Setracovirus | Human coronavirus NL63 | HCoV-NL63 | NC_005831.2 | Human | No | |||
| NL63-related bat coronavirus strain BtKYNL63-9b | BtKYNL63 | NC_032107.1 | Bats | No | ||||
| Tegacovirus | Alphacoronavirus 1 |
TGEV CCoV FeCoV |
NC_038861.1 KP_849472.1 JQ_408980.1 |
Porcines, canines, felines |
No No No |
|||
| Betacoronavirus | Embecovirus | Betacoronavirus 1 |
HCoV-OC43
BCoV ECoV |
NC_006213.1 NC_003045.1 EF_446615.1 |
Human Bovines Equines |
No No No |
||
| China Rattus coronavirus HKU24 | RtCoV-HKU24 | NC_026011.1 | Rats | No | ||||
| Human coronavirus HKU1 | HCoV-HKU1 | NC_006577.2 | Human | No | ||||
| Murine coronavirus | MHV | NC_001846.1 | Mouse | No | ||||
| Rabbit coronavirus HKU14 | RbCoV HKU14 | JN_874559 | Rabbits | No | ||||
| Hibecovirus | Bat Hp-betacoronavirus Zhejiang2013 | BtHpCoV-ZJ13 | NC_025217.1 | Bats | No | |||
| Merbecovirus | Hedgehog coronavirus 1 | EriCoV-1 | NC_039207.1 | Hedgehog | No | |||
| Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | MERSr-CoV | NC_019843.3 | Human, camels, and bats | Yes | ||||
| Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5 | BtPiCoV-HKU5 | NC_009020.1 | Bats | No | ||||
| Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4 | BtTyCoV-HKU4 | NC_009019.1 | Bats | No | ||||
| Nobecovirus | Roussetus bat coronavirus GCCDC1 | BtEoCoV-GCCDC1 | NC_030886.1 | Bats | No | |||
| Roussetus bat coronavirus HKU9 | BtRoCoV-HKU9 | MG762674.1 | Bats | No | ||||
| Sarbecovirus | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | SARSr-CoV | NC_004718.3 | Human, palm civets, and bats | Yes | |||
| Unclassified Betacoronavirus | Pangolin coronavirus | Pangolin-CoV | NA_606875.1 | Pangolins | No | |||
| Gammacoronavirus | Cegacovirus | Beluga whale coronavirus SW1 | BWCoV-SW1 | NC_010646.1 | Whale | No | ||
| Igacovirus | Avian coronavirus | IBV | NC_001451.1 | Birds | No | |||
| Deltacoronavirus | Andecovirus | Wigeon coronavirus HKU20 | WiCoV-HKU20 | NC_016995.1 | Birds | No | ||
| Buldecovirus | Bulbul coronavirus HKU11 | BuCoV-HKU11 | NC_011547.1 | Birds | No | |||
| Coronavirus HKU15 | PoCoV-HKU15 | NC_039208.1 | Pigs | No | ||||
| Munia coronavirus HKU13 | MuCoV-HKU13 | NC_011550.1 | Birds | No | ||||
| White-eye coronavirus HKU16 | WECoV-HKU13 | NC_016991.1 | Birds | No | ||||
| Herdecovirus | Night heron coronavirus HKU19 | NHCoV-HKU19 | NC_016994.1 | Birds | No | |||
| Moordecovirus | Common moorhen coronavirus HKU21 | CMCoV-HKU21 | NC_016996.1 | Birds | No |
Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are in bold, while major epidemic-causing mammalian and avian viruses are in red.