Table 1.

Body mass index (BMI) values of celiac patients before and after starting a gluten-free diet (GFD).

Study (Year)	Study Design	Follow-up Length	BMI Categories	Number of Patients before the Start of a GFD N(%)	Number of Patients after the Start of a GFD N(%)	BMI before the GFD	BMI after the GFD	P-Value
Barone et al. (2016) [29]	Prospective cohort	2.02 years (1.68–2.9 years) **	Obese ≥ 30	3 (7.7)	3 (7.7)	38 (36.2—39.4) **	35 (33.1—36.7) **	0.31
			Overweight 25–29.9	9 (23)	8 (20.5)	25.2 (25.2—26) **	25.2 (24.5–26) **	0.47
			Normal 18.5–24.9	23 (59)	26 (66.6)	20.7 (20.4—21.7) **	22.5 (21.1—23.1) **	<0.002
			Underweight < 18.5	4(10,3)	2(5.1)	18 (17,6—18) **	18 (17.7—18.2) **	0,41
			Total	39 (100)	39 (100)	21.5 (20.4–25.1) **	22.6 (21.1–25.2) **	0.07
Cheng et al. (2010) [11]	Retrospective cohort	2.8 years (2.7) *	Obese ≥ 30	25 (6.8)	20 (6.47)	33.8 (3.89) *	33.3 (3.9) *	<0.0001
			Overweight 25–29.9	56 (15.2)	52 (16.82)	27.1 (1.3) *	26.8 (2.4) *
			Normal 18.5–24.9	224 (60.7)	194 (62.78)	21.4 (1.7) *	21.7 (2.3) *
			Underweight < 18.5	64 (17.3)	43 (13.92)	17.3 (0.9) *	19 (2.7) *
			total	369 (100)	309 (100)	22.4 (4.5) *	-
Kabbani et al. (2012) [30]	Retrospective cohort	3.29 years (0.08–28.75) *	Total	679	679	24.0 (5.1) *	24.6 (5.1) *	<0.001
Stein et al. (2016) [31]	Case–control	At least 4 weeks	Total	107	107	23.8 (21.5–27.5) **	25.1 (21.6–28.8) **	≤0.001
Tortora et al. (2015) [32]	Prospective cohort	1 year	Total	98	98	22.9 (±4) *	24.1 (±4) *	<0.01
Tortora et al. (2018) [33]	Case–control	4.7 years (1.2) *	Total	370	370	23.2 (±3.6) *	24.8 (±3.5) *	<0.001

Note: * Values are expressed as the mean (SD); ** values are expressed as the median (IQR).