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. 2020 Apr 2;12(4):981. doi: 10.3390/nu12040981

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of vitamin D₃ supplementation on serum ceramide levels and sphingomyelin levels. The upper left is C16Cer, upper right is C18Cer, lower left is C16SM, and lower right is C18SM. Y-axis is the change in standardized levels of ceramide or sphingomyelin. Red lines indicate 25 percentile, mean and 75 percentile of standardized levels of ceramide or sphingomyelin in each group. Abbreviations: C16Cer, N-palmitoyl-sphingosine (d18:1/16:0); C18Cer, N-stearoyl-sphingosine (d18:1/18:0); C16SM, palmitoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/16:0); C18SM, stearoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/18:0).