Table 2.

Micronutrient fortification standards, and fortification levels of cereal grain in countries of interest, according to the Global Fortification Data Exchange (as of 2018) [62].

Country	Type of Cereal Grain	Fortification Status with Any Nutrient*	Year of Legislation	Percentage of Flour Industrially Milled (**)	Daily Flour Availability (Grams/Capita/Day) (**)	Percentage of Flour Actually Fortified (**)
Argentina	Wheat flour	Mandatory	2002	100%	282	100%
Canada	Wheat flour	Mandatory	1976	100%	233	100%
China	Wheat flour	Voluntary	2012	89%	174	1%
Ethiopia	Wheat flour	Voluntary	2017	55%	86	0%
India	Rice	Voluntary	2018	50%	190	No information
India	Wheat flour	Voluntary	2018	30%	166	No information
Jordan	Wheat Flour	Mandatory	2008	100%	375	90%
Mozambique	Maize flour	Mandatory	2016	30%	149	70%
Mozambique	Wheat flour	Mandatory	2016	100%	40	60%
Qatar	Wheat flour	Voluntary	2015	100%	No information	95%
South Africa	Maize flour	Mandatory	1972	75%	274	80%
South Africa	Wheat flour	Mandatory	2003	100%	165	40%
Tanzania	Maize flour	Mandatory	1975	0%	160	0%
Tanzania	Wheat flour	Mandatory	2011	98%	44	54%
United Arab Emirates	Wheat flour	Voluntary	2015	100%	277	95%
United Kingdom	Wheat flour	Mandatory	1940	98%	270	88%
United States of America	Maize flour	Mandatory	1955	100%	34	29%
United States of America	Rice	Mandatory	1958	100%	19	40%
United States of America	Wheat flour	Mandatory	1942	99%	220	92%
Zambia	Maize Flour	Voluntary	2001	35%	325	0%
Zambia	Wheat flour	Voluntary	2001	100%	33	0%
Zimbabwe	Maize flour	Mandatory	1973	40%	257	43%
Zimbabwe	Wheat flour	Mandatory	1973	40%	86	40%

(*) Any nutrient refers to: calcium, folate, iron, niacin, riboflavin, selenium, thiamine, vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D, and zinc. (**) Global Fortification Data Exchange: GFDx. Global Fortification Data Exchange. https://fortificationdata.org/#top. 2018.