Table 3.
Percentages of total caloric intake per day type at night and at work.
| Rest Day (n = 28) |
Morning Shift (n = 21) |
Evening Shift (n = 17) |
Night Shift (n = 24) |
Effect of Day Type 4 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrient Intake | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | F (df) | p |
| Overall 1 | ||||||||||
| Total Carbohydrate (%) | 42.2 | 9.8 | 44.5 | 10.2 | 45.2 | 10.1 | 45.2 | 10.5 | 0.52 (3,58) | 0.986 |
| All Sugars (%) | 15.8 | 6.2 | 19.1 | 5.9 | 20.1 | 8.2 | 18.5 | 8.1 | 1.41 (3,57) | 0.620 |
| Total Fat (%) | 36.1 | 7.2 | 36.1 | 9.2 | 35.0 | 9.8 | 35.3 | 8.4 | 0.05 (3,63) | 0.986 |
| Saturated Fat (%) | 12.2 | 3.7 | 11.4 | 4.0 | 11.8 | 4.2 | 11.6 | 3.8 | 0.26 (3,65) | 0.986 |
| Total Protein (%) | 17.0 | 5.5 | 17.1 | 4.0 | 19.0 | 6.0 | 19.2 | 5.8 | 2.04 (3,59) | 0.591 |
| At Night 2 | ||||||||||
| Total Intake (%) | 2.2 E,N | 7.4 | 1.2 E,N | 3.0 | 9.7 R,M,N | 11.8 | 30.3 R,M,E | 16.7 | 35.70 (3,84) | <0.001 |
| Total Carbohydrate (%) | 1.3 N | 4.7 | 0.4 N | 1.6 | 4.5 N | 5.4 | 13.5 R,M,E | 8.7 | 24.54 (3,84) | <0.001 |
| All Sugars (%) | 0.8 N | 2.8 | 0.3 N | 1.2 | 1.6 N | 2.9 | 5.8 R,M,E | 4.6 | 14.47 (3,84) | <0.001 |
| Total Fat (%) | 0.7 E,N | 2.1 | 0.6 E,N | 1.8 | 3.3 R,M,N | 4.9 | 10.7 R,M,E | 6.9 | 28.41 (3,84) | <0.001 |
| Saturated Fat (%) | 0.1 E,N | 0.4 | 0.1 E,N | 0.4 | 1.2 R,M,N | 1.9 | 3.1 R,M,E | 2.2 | 22.71 (3,68) | <0.001 |
| Total Protein (%) | 0.2 N | 0.7 | 0.2N | 0.6 | 1.2 N | 1.6 | 6.0 R,M,E | 4.0 | 38.26 (3,62) | <0.001 |
| At Work 3 | ||||||||||
| Total Intake (%) | - | - | 52.5 | 14.3 | 39.0 | 19.7 | 43.4 | 17.4 | 4.07 (2,42) | 0.083 |
| Total Carbohydrate (%) | - | - | 24.2 | 7.8 | 15.8 | 8.7 | 19.9 | 9.9 | 3.86 (2,43) | 0.083 |
| All Sugars (%) | - | - | 9.9 | 4.3 | 7.5 | 5.3 | 8.6 | 6.0 | 1.20 (2,36) | 0.377 |
| Total Fat (%) | - | - | 19.5 | 6.8 | 14.9 | 11.7 | 15.3 | 7.7 | 3.47 (2,38) | 0.083 |
| Saturated Fat (%) | - | - | 6.1 | 2.5 | 4.6 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 3.1 | 2.10 (2,41) | 0.204 |
| Total Protein (%) | - | - | 8.8 | 3.4 | 7.9 | 5.1 | 8.2 | 4.0 | 0.56 (2,34) | 0.576 |
1 Intake during the day from wake time preceding shift/rest day to wake time following. 2 Intake from 2300–0600 h. 3 Intake from work start to work end. 4 Mixed-effects model ANOVA comparing the effect of day type, corrected for sex and age; P-values for Overall, At Night, and At Work adjusted separately with the Benjamini–Hochberg method. R,M,E,N = significant differences (adjusted, p < 0.05) between corresponding day types (i.e., Rest, Morning, Evening, Night).