| AGEs | advanced glycation end products |
| EN | enteral nutrition |
| iALP | intestinal alkaline phosphatase |
| IMFs | infant milk formulas |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
| NEC | necrotizing enterocolitis |
| PN | parenteral nutrition |
| SI | small intestine |
| WPC | whey protein concentrate |
| MP-WPC | mildly pasteurized WPC |
| EH-WPC | extensively heated WPC |