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. 2020 Apr 16;9(4):1142. doi: 10.3390/jcm9041142

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The mechanisms of the biological activity of placental lactogen (PL) in pancreatic β-cells. PL binds to the prolactin receptor (PRL Receptor) to promote increased insulin secretion through the stimulation of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) expression. PL also activates a range of intracellular pathways (the Janus-activated-kinase-2/signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 (JAK2/STAT5) pathway and the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT)) to protect β-cells from apoptotic death. Independently from the mechanisms mentioned above, PL contributes to increased expression of the BCL-XL anti-apoptotic protein [43,44,45,46]. Created with BioRender.